这是这个老问题的另一个解决方案。多年来，关于这个问题有许多优秀的答案，我的尝试在很大程度上借鉴了它们。

我使用安德烈·列别登科的解决方案作为起点，因为它的输出已经非常接近我的要求。

特点:

following common practice I have moved the foreign key constraints outside the table definition. They are now included as ALTER TABLE statements at the bottom. The reason is that a foreign key can also link to a column of the same table. In that fringe case the constraint can only be created after the table creation is completed. The create table statement would throw an error otherwise. The layout and indenting looks nicer now (at least to my eye) Drop command (commented out) in the header of the definition The solution is offered here as a plpgsql function. The algorithm does however not use any procedural language. The function just wraps one single query that can be used in a pure sql context as well. removed redundant subqueries Identifiers are now quoted if they are identical to reserved postgresql language elements replaced the string concatenation operator || with the appropriate string functions to improve performance, security and readability of the code. Note: the || operator produces NULL if one of the combined strings is NULL. It should only be used when that is the desired behaviour. (check out the usage in the code below for an example)

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.wmv_get_table_definition (
    p_schema_name character varying,
    p_table_name character varying
)
    RETURNS SETOF TEXT
    AS $BODY$
BEGIN
    RETURN query 
    WITH table_rec AS (
        SELECT
            c.relname, n.nspname, c.oid
        FROM
            pg_catalog.pg_class c
            LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
        WHERE
            relkind = 'r'
            AND n.nspname = p_schema_name
            AND c.relname LIKE p_table_name
        ORDER BY
            c.relname
    ),
    col_rec AS (
        SELECT
            a.attname AS colname,
            pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) AS coltype,
            a.attrelid AS oid,
            ' DEFAULT ' || (
                SELECT
                    pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid)
                FROM
                    pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
                WHERE
                    d.adrelid = a.attrelid
                    AND d.adnum = a.attnum
                    AND a.atthasdef) AS column_default_value,
            CASE WHEN a.attnotnull = TRUE THEN
                'NOT NULL'
            ELSE
                'NULL'
            END AS column_not_null,
            a.attnum AS attnum
        FROM
            pg_catalog.pg_attribute a
        WHERE
            a.attnum > 0
            AND NOT a.attisdropped
        ORDER BY
            a.attnum
    ),
    con_rec AS (
        SELECT
            conrelid::regclass::text AS relname,
            n.nspname,
            conname,
            pg_get_constraintdef(c.oid) AS condef,
            contype,
            conrelid AS oid
        FROM
            pg_constraint c
            JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.connamespace
    ),
    glue AS (
        SELECT
            format( E'-- %1$I.%2$I definition\n\n-- Drop table\n\n-- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %1$I.%2$I\n\nCREATE TABLE %1$I.%2$I (\n', table_rec.nspname, table_rec.relname) AS top,
            format( E'\n);\n\n\n-- adempiere.wmv_ghgaudit foreign keys\n\n', table_rec.nspname, table_rec.relname) AS bottom,
            oid
        FROM
            table_rec
    ),
    cols AS (
        SELECT
            string_agg(format('    %I %s%s %s', colname, coltype, column_default_value, column_not_null), E',\n') AS lines,
            oid
        FROM
            col_rec
        GROUP BY
            oid
    ),
    constrnt AS (
        SELECT
            string_agg(format('    CONSTRAINT %s %s', con_rec.conname, con_rec.condef), E',\n') AS lines,
            oid
        FROM
            con_rec
        WHERE
            contype <> 'f'
        GROUP BY
            oid
    ),
    frnkey AS (
        SELECT
            string_agg(format('ALTER TABLE %I.%I ADD CONSTRAINT %s %s', nspname, relname, conname, condef), E';\n') AS lines,
            oid
        FROM
            con_rec
        WHERE
            contype = 'f'
        GROUP BY
            oid
    )
    SELECT
        concat(glue.top, cols.lines, E',\n', constrnt.lines, glue.bottom, frnkey.lines, ';')
    FROM
        glue
        JOIN cols ON cols.oid = glue.oid
        LEFT JOIN constrnt ON constrnt.oid = glue.oid
        LEFT JOIN frnkey ON frnkey.oid = glue.oid;
END;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;

DataGrip具有与pgAdmin相同的功能。你可以右键点击一个表，你会看到选项自动生成创建表语句。

(注意-此解决方案不适用于PostgreSQL v12+)

我的解决方案是使用psql和-E选项登录postgres db，如下所示:

psql -E -U username -d database   

在psql中，运行以下命令查看postgres用来生成的sql 描述表语句:

-- List all tables in the schema (my example schema name is public)
\dt public.*
-- Choose a table name from above
-- For create table of one public.tablename
\d+ public.tablename  

基于运行这些描述命令后返回的sql，我能够把它们放在一起 下面是PLPGSQL函数:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION generate_create_table_statement(p_table_name varchar)
  RETURNS text AS
$BODY$
DECLARE
    v_table_ddl   text;
    column_record record;
BEGIN
    FOR column_record IN 
        SELECT 
            b.nspname as schema_name,
            b.relname as table_name,
            a.attname as column_name,
            pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) as column_type,
            CASE WHEN 
                (SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)
                 FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
                 WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef) IS NOT NULL THEN
                'DEFAULT '|| (SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)
                              FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
                              WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef)
            ELSE
                ''
            END as column_default_value,
            CASE WHEN a.attnotnull = true THEN 
                'NOT NULL'
            ELSE
                'NULL'
            END as column_not_null,
            a.attnum as attnum,
            e.max_attnum as max_attnum
        FROM 
            pg_catalog.pg_attribute a
            INNER JOIN 
             (SELECT c.oid,
                n.nspname,
                c.relname
              FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
                   LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
              WHERE c.relname ~ ('^('||p_table_name||')$')
                AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
              ORDER BY 2, 3) b
            ON a.attrelid = b.oid
            INNER JOIN 
             (SELECT 
                  a.attrelid,
                  max(a.attnum) as max_attnum
              FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute a
              WHERE a.attnum > 0 
                AND NOT a.attisdropped
              GROUP BY a.attrelid) e
            ON a.attrelid=e.attrelid
        WHERE a.attnum > 0 
          AND NOT a.attisdropped
        ORDER BY a.attnum
    LOOP
        IF column_record.attnum = 1 THEN
            v_table_ddl:='CREATE TABLE '||column_record.schema_name||'.'||column_record.table_name||' (';
        ELSE
            v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||',';
        END IF;

        IF column_record.attnum <= column_record.max_attnum THEN
            v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||chr(10)||
                     '    '||column_record.column_name||' '||column_record.column_type||' '||column_record.column_default_value||' '||column_record.column_not_null;
        END IF;
    END LOOP;

    v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||');';
    RETURN v_table_ddl;
END;
$BODY$
  LANGUAGE 'plpgsql' COST 100.0 SECURITY INVOKER;

下面是函数用法:

SELECT generate_create_table_statement('tablename');

下面是drop语句，如果你不想让这个函数永久保存:

DROP FUNCTION generate_create_table_statement(p_table_name varchar);

从linux命令行在postgresql中为一个表生成create table语句:

为演示创建一个表:

CREATE TABLE your_table(
    thekey   integer NOT NULL,  
    ticker   character varying(10) NOT NULL,
    date_val date,
    open_val numeric(10,4) NOT NULL
); 

Pg_dump手动，可以输出表创建PSQL语句:

pg_dump -U your_user your_database -t your_table --schema-only

打印:

-- pre-requisite database and table configuration omitted
CREATE TABLE your_table (
    thekey integer NOT NULL, 
    ticker character varying(10) NOT NULL, 
    date_val date,  
    open_val numeric(10,4) NOT NULL 
); 
-- post-requisite database and table configuration omitted
  

解释:

Pg_dump帮助我们获得关于数据库本身的信息。-U代表用户名。我的pgadmin用户没有设置密码，所以我不需要输入密码。-t选项表示指定一个表。——schema-only表示只打印关于表的数据，而不是表中的数据。

pg_dump是优秀的C代码，它试图很好地处理不断发展的sql标准，并处理在postgresql的查询语言和它在磁盘上的表示之间产生的成千上万个细节。如果你想卷自己的“psql磁盘创建语句”的安排，你是龙:https://doxygen.postgresql.org/pg__dump_8c_source.html

另一个绕过pg_dump的选项是在创建表时保存表创建SQL语句。把它放在安全的地方，需要的时候拿来。

或者使用SQL从postgresql中获取表名、列名和数据类型信息:

CREATE TABLE your_table(  thekey integer NOT NULL,
                          ticker character varying(10) NOT NULL,
                          date_val date,
                          open_val numeric(10,4) NOT NULL
); 

SELECT table_name, column_name, data_type 
FROM information_schema.columns 
WHERE table_name = 'your_table'; 

打印:

┌────────────┬─────────────┬───────────────────┐ 
│ table_name │ column_name │     data_type     │ 
├────────────┼─────────────┼───────────────────┤ 
│ your_table │ thekey      │ integer           │ 
│ your_table │ ticker      │ character varying │ 
│ your_table │ date_val    │ date              │ 
│ your_table │ open_val    │ numeric           │ 
└────────────┴─────────────┴───────────────────┘ 

pg_dump -t 'schema-name.table-name' --schema-only database-name

更多信息-在手册。

使用它并在ddl中获得输出。出文件

~/bin/pg_dump -p 30000 -d <db_name> -U <db_user> --schema=<schema_name> -t <table_name> --schema-only >> /tmp/ddl.out

因此这将在路径:/tmp/ DDL .out中生成DDL