除非x X = y 结束

除非x有值(不是nil或false)，否则将其设为y

等于

X ||= y

||=称为条件赋值运算符。

它基本上像=一样工作，但如果一个变量已经被赋值，它将什么都不做。

第一个例子:

x ||= 10

第二个例子:

x = 20
x ||= 10

在第一个例子中，x现在等于10。然而，在第二个例子中，x已经被定义为20。所以条件运算符没有作用。执行X ||= 10后，X仍然是20。

X ||= y表示

如果x有任何值，不要改变它的值，否则 将x设为y

x ||= y

is

x || x = y

"如果x为假或未定义，则x指向y"

准确地说，||= b意味着“如果a是未定义的或假的(false或nil)，将a设置为b并求值为(即返回)b，否则求值为a”。

其他人经常试图用||= b等价于|| a = b或a = a || b来说明这一点。这些等价有助于理解这个概念，但要注意，它们并非在所有条件下都是准确的。请允许我解释:

a ||= b ⇔ a || a = b? The behavior of these statements differs when a is an undefined local variable. In that case, a ||= b will set a to b (and evaluate to b), whereas a || a = b will raise NameError: undefined local variable or method 'a' for main:Object. a ||= b ⇔ a = a || b? The equivalency of these statements are often assumed, since a similar equivalence is true for other abbreviated assignment operators (i.e. +=,-=,*=,/=,%=,**=,&=,|=,^=,<<=, and >>=). However, for ||= the behavior of these statements may differ when a= is a method on an object and a is truthy. In that case, a ||= b will do nothing (other than evaluate to a), whereas a = a || b will call a=(a) on a's receiver. As others have pointed out, this can make a difference when calling a=a has side effects, such as adding keys to a hash. a ||= b ⇔ a = b unless a?? The behavior of these statements differs only in what they evaluate to when a is truthy. In that case, a = b unless a will evaluate to nil (though a will still not be set, as expected), whereas a ||= b will evaluate to a. a ||= b ⇔ defined?(a) ? (a || a = b) : (a = b)???? Still no. These statements can differ when a method_missing method exists which returns a truthy value for a. In this case, a ||= b will evaluate to whatever method_missing returns, and not attempt to set a, whereas defined?(a) ? (a || a = b) : (a = b) will set a to b and evaluate to b.

好的，好的，那么||= b等于什么?有办法在Ruby中表达这一点吗?

好吧，假设我没有忽略任何东西，我相信||= b在功能上等价于……(击鼓声)

begin
  a = nil if false
  a || a = b
end

坚持住!这不是第一个前面有noop的例子吗?嗯，不完全是。还记得我之前说的||= b只有当a是一个未定义的局部变量时，||= b才不等于|| a = b吗?如果为false，则a = nil确保a永远没有定义，即使这一行永远不会执行。Ruby中的局部变量是词法范围的。

假设a = 2, b = 3

那么，||= b将得到a的值，即2。

当a计算为某个值时，结果不是false或nil..这就是为什么它不计算b的值。

现在假设a = nil, b = 3。

那么||= b将得到3，即b的值。

因为它首先尝试评估a的值，结果是nil..它求出b的值。

ror app中使用的最佳示例是:

#To get currently logged in iser
def current_user
  @current_user ||= User.find_by_id(session[:user_id])
end

# Make current_user available in templates as a helper
helper_method :current_user

其中，User.find_by_id(session[:user_id])当且仅当@current_user之前未初始化时触发。