根据这里的解释和Tristan的回答，我通常使用这些快速函数进行完整性检查。

# a function to help us stay clean
def getPaddings(pad_along_height,pad_along_width):
    # if even.. easy..
    if pad_along_height%2 == 0:
        pad_top = pad_along_height / 2
        pad_bottom = pad_top
    # if odd
    else:
        pad_top = np.floor( pad_along_height / 2 )
        pad_bottom = np.floor( pad_along_height / 2 ) +1
    # check if width padding is odd or even
    # if even.. easy..
    if pad_along_width%2 == 0:
        pad_left = pad_along_width / 2
        pad_right= pad_left
    # if odd
    else:
        pad_left = np.floor( pad_along_width / 2 )
        pad_right = np.floor( pad_along_width / 2 ) +1
        #
    return pad_top,pad_bottom,pad_left,pad_right

# strides [image index, y, x, depth]
# padding 'SAME' or 'VALID'
# bottom and right sides always get the one additional padded pixel (if padding is odd)
def getOutputDim (inputWidth,inputHeight,filterWidth,filterHeight,strides,padding):
    if padding == 'SAME':
        out_height = np.ceil(float(inputHeight) / float(strides[1]))
        out_width  = np.ceil(float(inputWidth) / float(strides[2]))
        #
        pad_along_height = ((out_height - 1) * strides[1] + filterHeight - inputHeight)
        pad_along_width = ((out_width - 1) * strides[2] + filterWidth - inputWidth)
        #
        # now get padding
        pad_top,pad_bottom,pad_left,pad_right = getPaddings(pad_along_height,pad_along_width)
        #
        print 'output height', out_height
        print 'output width' , out_width
        print 'total pad along height' , pad_along_height
        print 'total pad along width' , pad_along_width
        print 'pad at top' , pad_top
        print 'pad at bottom' ,pad_bottom
        print 'pad at left' , pad_left
        print 'pad at right' ,pad_right

    elif padding == 'VALID':
        out_height = np.ceil(float(inputHeight - filterHeight + 1) / float(strides[1]))
        out_width  = np.ceil(float(inputWidth - filterWidth + 1) / float(strides[2]))
        #
        print 'output height', out_height
        print 'output width' , out_width
        print 'no padding'


# use like so
getOutputDim (80,80,4,4,[1,1,1,1],'SAME')

我引用了官方tensorflow文档https://www.tensorflow.org/api_guides/python/nn#Convolution中的答案 对于'SAME'填充，输出高度和宽度的计算如下:

out_height = ceil(float(in_height) / float(strides[1]))
out_width  = ceil(float(in_width) / float(strides[2]))

顶部和左侧的填充被计算为:

pad_along_height = max((out_height - 1) * strides[1] +
                    filter_height - in_height, 0)
pad_along_width = max((out_width - 1) * strides[2] +
                   filter_width - in_width, 0)
pad_top = pad_along_height // 2
pad_bottom = pad_along_height - pad_top
pad_left = pad_along_width // 2
pad_right = pad_along_width - pad_left

对于'VALID'填充，输出高度和宽度的计算如下:

out_height = ceil(float(in_height - filter_height + 1) / float(strides[1]))
out_width  = ceil(float(in_width - filter_width + 1) / float(strides[2]))

填充值总是0。

Padding on/off. Determines the effective size of your input. VALID: No padding. Convolution etc. ops are only performed at locations that are "valid", i.e. not too close to the borders of your tensor. With a kernel of 3x3 and image of 10x10, you would be performing convolution on the 8x8 area inside the borders. SAME: Padding is provided. Whenever your operation references a neighborhood (no matter how big), zero values are provided when that neighborhood extends outside the original tensor to allow that operation to work also on border values. With a kernel of 3x3 and image of 10x10, you would be performing convolution on the full 10x10 area.

快速的解释

VALID:不要应用任何填充，也就是说，假设所有的维度都是有效的，这样输入的图像就会被你指定的过滤器和stride完全覆盖。

SAME:应用填充到输入(如果需要)，以便输入图像被过滤器和步幅完全覆盖。对于stride 1，这将确保输出图像大小与输入相同。

笔记

This applies to conv layers as well as max pool layers in same way The term "valid" is bit of a misnomer because things don't become "invalid" if you drop part of the image. Sometime you might even want that. This should have probably be called NO_PADDING instead. The term "same" is a misnomer too because it only makes sense for stride of 1 when output dimension is same as input dimension. For stride of 2, output dimensions will be half, for example. This should have probably be called AUTO_PADDING instead. In SAME (i.e. auto-pad mode), Tensorflow will try to spread padding evenly on both left and right. In VALID (i.e. no padding mode), Tensorflow will drop right and/or bottom cells if your filter and stride doesn't full cover input image.

Tensorflow 2.0兼容答案:上面已经提供了关于“有效”和“相同”填充的详细解释。

但是，我将在Tensorflow 2中指定不同的池化函数和它们各自的命令。X(>= 2.0)，为社区的利益。

1.x中的函数:

tf.nn.max_pool

tf.keras.layers.MaxPool2D

tf中平均池值=>无。神经网络,tf.keras.layers.AveragePooling2D

2.x中的函数:

tf.nn。Max_pool如果在2中使用。如果从1迁移，则tf. compat_v1 .nn.max_pool_v2或tf. compat_v2 .nn.max_pool。X到2。X。

tf.keras.layers。MaxPool2D如果在2中使用。x和

tf. compat_v1 .keras.layers. maxpooling2d或tf. compat_v1 .keras.layers. maxpooling2d或tf. compat_v2 .keras.layers. maxpooling2d或tf. compat_v2 .keras.layers. maxpooling2d，如果从1迁移。X到2。X。

平均池=> tf.nn。Avg_pool2d或tf.keras.layers。如果在TF 2中使用AveragePooling2D。x和

tf. compat_v1 . dn .avg_pool_v2或tf. compat_v2 .v2. dn .avg_pool或tf. compat_v1 .keras.layers. averagepooling2d或tf. compat_v1 .keras.layers. avgpool2d或tf. compat_v2 .keras.layers. averagepooling2d或tf. compat_v2 .keras.layers. avgpool2d，如果从1迁移。X到2。X。

有关Tensorflow迁移的更多信息。X到2。请参考本迁移指南。

总之，“有效”填充意味着没有填充。卷积层的输出大小根据输入大小和内核大小而缩小。

相反，“相同”填充意味着使用填充。当stride设置为1时，卷积层的输出大小保持为输入大小，在计算卷积时在输入数据周围附加一定数量的“0-border”。

希望这个直观的描述能有所帮助。