谷歌Guava库有大量有用的实用程序。这里需要注意的是Files类。它有很多有用的方法，包括:

File myTempDir = Files.createTempDir();

这正是您在一行中要求的。如果您阅读这里的文档，您将看到File的建议改编。createTempFile("install"， "dir")通常会引入安全漏洞。

在Java 7之前，你还可以:

File folder = File.createTempFile("testFileUtils", ""); // no suffix
folder.delete();
folder.mkdirs();
folder.deleteOnExit();

只是为了完成，这是谷歌番石榴库的代码。这不是我的代码，但我认为在这个线程中展示它是有价值的。

  /** Maximum loop count when creating temp directories. */
  private static final int TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS = 10000;

  /**
   * Atomically creates a new directory somewhere beneath the system's temporary directory (as
   * defined by the {@code java.io.tmpdir} system property), and returns its name.
   *
   * <p>Use this method instead of {@link File#createTempFile(String, String)} when you wish to
   * create a directory, not a regular file. A common pitfall is to call {@code createTempFile},
   * delete the file and create a directory in its place, but this leads a race condition which can
   * be exploited to create security vulnerabilities, especially when executable files are to be
   * written into the directory.
   *
   * <p>This method assumes that the temporary volume is writable, has free inodes and free blocks,
   * and that it will not be called thousands of times per second.
   *
   * @return the newly-created directory
   * @throws IllegalStateException if the directory could not be created
   */
  public static File createTempDir() {
    File baseDir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
    String baseName = System.currentTimeMillis() + "-";

    for (int counter = 0; counter < TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS; counter++) {
      File tempDir = new File(baseDir, baseName + counter);
      if (tempDir.mkdir()) {
        return tempDir;
      }
    }
    throw new IllegalStateException(
        "Failed to create directory within "
            + TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS
            + " attempts (tried "
            + baseName
            + "0 to "
            + baseName
            + (TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS - 1)
            + ')');
  }

使用file# createTempFile和delete为目录创建一个唯一的名称似乎是可以的。您应该添加一个ShutdownHook，以便在JVM关闭时(递归地)删除目录。

createTempFile实际上创建了文件。那么为什么不先删除它，然后再对它执行mkdir呢?

谷歌Guava库有大量有用的实用程序。这里需要注意的是Files类。它有很多有用的方法，包括:

File myTempDir = Files.createTempDir();

这正是您在一行中要求的。如果您阅读这里的文档，您将看到File的建议改编。createTempFile("install"， "dir")通常会引入安全漏洞。