这是我决定为我自己的代码所做的:

/**
 * Create a new temporary directory. Use something like
 * {@link #recursiveDelete(File)} to clean this directory up since it isn't
 * deleted automatically
 * @return  the new directory
 * @throws IOException if there is an error creating the temporary directory
 */
public static File createTempDir() throws IOException
{
    final File sysTempDir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
    File newTempDir;
    final int maxAttempts = 9;
    int attemptCount = 0;
    do
    {
        attemptCount++;
        if(attemptCount > maxAttempts)
        {
            throw new IOException(
                    "The highly improbable has occurred! Failed to " +
                    "create a unique temporary directory after " +
                    maxAttempts + " attempts.");
        }
        String dirName = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        newTempDir = new File(sysTempDir, dirName);
    } while(newTempDir.exists());

    if(newTempDir.mkdirs())
    {
        return newTempDir;
    }
    else
    {
        throw new IOException(
                "Failed to create temp dir named " +
                newTempDir.getAbsolutePath());
    }
}

/**
 * Recursively delete file or directory
 * @param fileOrDir
 *          the file or dir to delete
 * @return
 *          true iff all files are successfully deleted
 */
public static boolean recursiveDelete(File fileOrDir)
{
    if(fileOrDir.isDirectory())
    {
        // recursively delete contents
        for(File innerFile: fileOrDir.listFiles())
        {
            if(!FileUtilities.recursiveDelete(innerFile))
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    return fileOrDir.delete();
}

试试这个小例子:

代码:

try {
    Path tmpDir = Files.createTempDirectory("tmpDir");
    System.out.println(tmpDir.toString());
    Files.delete(tmpDir);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

进口: java.io.IOException java.nio.file.Files java.nio.file.Path

Windows机器上的控制台输出: C:\Users\userName\AppData\Local\Temp\ tmpDir2908538301081367877

备注: 文件。createTempDirectory自动生成唯一ID - 2908538301081367877。 注意: 阅读以下递归删除目录的方法: 在Java中递归地删除目录

正如您在其他答案中看到的，没有标准的方法出现。 因此你已经提到了Apache Commons，我建议使用Apache Commons IO中的FileUtils来实现以下方法:

/**
 * Creates a temporary subdirectory in the standard temporary directory.
 * This will be automatically deleted upon exit.
 * 
 * @param prefix
 *            the prefix used to create the directory, completed by a
 *            current timestamp. Use for instance your application's name
 * @return the directory
 */
public static File createTempDirectory(String prefix) {

    final File tmp = new File(FileUtils.getTempDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
            + "/" + prefix + System.currentTimeMillis());
    tmp.mkdir();
    Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {

        @Override
        public void run() {

            try {
                FileUtils.deleteDirectory(tmp);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    });
    return tmp;

}

这是首选的，因为apache公共库是最接近所要求的“标准”的库，并且适用于JDK 7和旧版本。这也返回了一个“旧的”文件实例(基于流)，而不是一个“新的”路径实例(基于缓冲区，将是JDK7的getTemporaryDirectory()方法的结果)->因此，当大多数人想要创建临时目录时，它返回了他们需要的东西。

这是我决定为我自己的代码所做的:

/**
 * Create a new temporary directory. Use something like
 * {@link #recursiveDelete(File)} to clean this directory up since it isn't
 * deleted automatically
 * @return  the new directory
 * @throws IOException if there is an error creating the temporary directory
 */
public static File createTempDir() throws IOException
{
    final File sysTempDir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
    File newTempDir;
    final int maxAttempts = 9;
    int attemptCount = 0;
    do
    {
        attemptCount++;
        if(attemptCount > maxAttempts)
        {
            throw new IOException(
                    "The highly improbable has occurred! Failed to " +
                    "create a unique temporary directory after " +
                    maxAttempts + " attempts.");
        }
        String dirName = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        newTempDir = new File(sysTempDir, dirName);
    } while(newTempDir.exists());

    if(newTempDir.mkdirs())
    {
        return newTempDir;
    }
    else
    {
        throw new IOException(
                "Failed to create temp dir named " +
                newTempDir.getAbsolutePath());
    }
}

/**
 * Recursively delete file or directory
 * @param fileOrDir
 *          the file or dir to delete
 * @return
 *          true iff all files are successfully deleted
 */
public static boolean recursiveDelete(File fileOrDir)
{
    if(fileOrDir.isDirectory())
    {
        // recursively delete contents
        for(File innerFile: fileOrDir.listFiles())
        {
            if(!FileUtilities.recursiveDelete(innerFile))
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    return fileOrDir.delete();
}

这段代码应该可以很好地工作:

public static File createTempDir() {
    final String baseTempPath = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");

    Random rand = new Random();
    int randomInt = 1 + rand.nextInt();

    File tempDir = new File(baseTempPath + File.separator + "tempDir" + randomInt);
    if (tempDir.exists() == false) {
        tempDir.mkdir();
    }

    tempDir.deleteOnExit();

    return tempDir;
}

如果你需要一个临时目录进行测试，并且你正在使用jUnit， @Rule和TemporaryFolder可以解决你的问题:

@Rule
public TemporaryFolder folder = new TemporaryFolder();

从文档中可以看到:

TemporaryFolder规则允许创建文件和文件夹，这些文件和文件夹保证在测试方法完成时被删除(无论它通过还是失败)。

更新:

如果您正在使用JUnit Jupiter(版本5.1.1或更高)，您可以选择使用JUnit Pioneer，它是JUnit 5扩展包。

摘自项目文档:

例如，下面的测试为单个测试方法注册扩展名，创建一个文件并将其写入临时目录，并检查其内容。

@Test
@ExtendWith(TempDirectory.class)
void test(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
    Path file = tempDir.resolve("test.txt");
    writeFile(file);
    assertExpectedFileContent(file);
}

更多信息在JavaDoc和TempDirectory的JavaDoc中

Gradle:

dependencies {
    testImplementation 'org.junit-pioneer:junit-pioneer:0.1.2'
}

Maven:

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.junit-pioneer</groupId>
   <artifactId>junit-pioneer</artifactId>
   <version>0.1.2</version>
   <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

更新2:

@TempDir注释作为实验特性被添加到JUnit Jupiter 5.4.0发行版中。示例摘自JUnit 5用户指南:

@Test
void writeItemsToFile(@TempDir Path tempDir) throws IOException {
    Path file = tempDir.resolve("test.txt");

    new ListWriter(file).write("a", "b", "c");

    assertEquals(singletonList("a,b,c"), Files.readAllLines(file));
}