如果您使用的是JDK 7，请使用新的Files。类创建临时目录。

Path tempDirWithPrefix = Files.createTempDirectory(prefix);

在JDK 7之前，应该这样做:

public static File createTempDirectory()
    throws IOException
{
    final File temp;

    temp = File.createTempFile("temp", Long.toString(System.nanoTime()));

    if(!(temp.delete()))
    {
        throw new IOException("Could not delete temp file: " + temp.getAbsolutePath());
    }

    if(!(temp.mkdir()))
    {
        throw new IOException("Could not create temp directory: " + temp.getAbsolutePath());
    }

    return (temp);
}

如果你愿意，你可以创建更好的异常(子类IOException)。

这是我决定为我自己的代码所做的:

/**
 * Create a new temporary directory. Use something like
 * {@link #recursiveDelete(File)} to clean this directory up since it isn't
 * deleted automatically
 * @return  the new directory
 * @throws IOException if there is an error creating the temporary directory
 */
public static File createTempDir() throws IOException
{
    final File sysTempDir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
    File newTempDir;
    final int maxAttempts = 9;
    int attemptCount = 0;
    do
    {
        attemptCount++;
        if(attemptCount > maxAttempts)
        {
            throw new IOException(
                    "The highly improbable has occurred! Failed to " +
                    "create a unique temporary directory after " +
                    maxAttempts + " attempts.");
        }
        String dirName = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        newTempDir = new File(sysTempDir, dirName);
    } while(newTempDir.exists());

    if(newTempDir.mkdirs())
    {
        return newTempDir;
    }
    else
    {
        throw new IOException(
                "Failed to create temp dir named " +
                newTempDir.getAbsolutePath());
    }
}

/**
 * Recursively delete file or directory
 * @param fileOrDir
 *          the file or dir to delete
 * @return
 *          true iff all files are successfully deleted
 */
public static boolean recursiveDelete(File fileOrDir)
{
    if(fileOrDir.isDirectory())
    {
        // recursively delete contents
        for(File innerFile: fileOrDir.listFiles())
        {
            if(!FileUtilities.recursiveDelete(innerFile))
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    return fileOrDir.delete();
}

即使稍后显式删除它，也不要使用deleteOnExit()。

谷歌'deleteonexit is evil'获取更多信息，但问题的要点是:

deleteOnExit()只删除正常的JVM关闭，不删除崩溃或杀死JVM进程。 deleteOnExit()只在JVM关闭时删除-不适合长时间运行的服务器进程，因为: 最糟糕的是deleteOnExit()为每个临时文件条目消耗内存。如果您的进程运行了几个月，或者在短时间内创建了大量临时文件，那么您将消耗内存，直到JVM关闭才释放内存。

在Java 7之前，你还可以:

File folder = File.createTempFile("testFileUtils", ""); // no suffix
folder.delete();
folder.mkdirs();
folder.deleteOnExit();

这段代码应该可以很好地工作:

public static File createTempDir() {
    final String baseTempPath = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");

    Random rand = new Random();
    int randomInt = 1 + rand.nextInt();

    File tempDir = new File(baseTempPath + File.separator + "tempDir" + randomInt);
    if (tempDir.exists() == false) {
        tempDir.mkdir();
    }

    tempDir.deleteOnExit();

    return tempDir;
}

试试这个小例子:

代码:

try {
    Path tmpDir = Files.createTempDirectory("tmpDir");
    System.out.println(tmpDir.toString());
    Files.delete(tmpDir);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

进口: java.io.IOException java.nio.file.Files java.nio.file.Path

Windows机器上的控制台输出: C:\Users\userName\AppData\Local\Temp\ tmpDir2908538301081367877

备注: 文件。createTempDirectory自动生成唯一ID - 2908538301081367877。 注意: 阅读以下递归删除目录的方法: 在Java中递归地删除目录