从Java 1.7开始，createTempDirectory(prefix, attrs)和createTempDirectory(dir, prefix, attrs)包含在Java .nio.file. files中

操作: 寺庙文件。

如果您使用的是JDK 7，请使用新的Files。类创建临时目录。

Path tempDirWithPrefix = Files.createTempDirectory(prefix);

在JDK 7之前，应该这样做:

public static File createTempDirectory()
    throws IOException
{
    final File temp;

    temp = File.createTempFile("temp", Long.toString(System.nanoTime()));

    if(!(temp.delete()))
    {
        throw new IOException("Could not delete temp file: " + temp.getAbsolutePath());
    }

    if(!(temp.mkdir()))
    {
        throw new IOException("Could not create temp directory: " + temp.getAbsolutePath());
    }

    return (temp);
}

如果你愿意，你可以创建更好的异常(子类IOException)。

只是为了完成，这是谷歌番石榴库的代码。这不是我的代码，但我认为在这个线程中展示它是有价值的。

  /** Maximum loop count when creating temp directories. */
  private static final int TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS = 10000;

  /**
   * Atomically creates a new directory somewhere beneath the system's temporary directory (as
   * defined by the {@code java.io.tmpdir} system property), and returns its name.
   *
   * <p>Use this method instead of {@link File#createTempFile(String, String)} when you wish to
   * create a directory, not a regular file. A common pitfall is to call {@code createTempFile},
   * delete the file and create a directory in its place, but this leads a race condition which can
   * be exploited to create security vulnerabilities, especially when executable files are to be
   * written into the directory.
   *
   * <p>This method assumes that the temporary volume is writable, has free inodes and free blocks,
   * and that it will not be called thousands of times per second.
   *
   * @return the newly-created directory
   * @throws IllegalStateException if the directory could not be created
   */
  public static File createTempDir() {
    File baseDir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
    String baseName = System.currentTimeMillis() + "-";

    for (int counter = 0; counter < TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS; counter++) {
      File tempDir = new File(baseDir, baseName + counter);
      if (tempDir.mkdir()) {
        return tempDir;
      }
    }
    throw new IllegalStateException(
        "Failed to create directory within "
            + TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS
            + " attempts (tried "
            + baseName
            + "0 to "
            + baseName
            + (TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS - 1)
            + ')');
  }

正如您在其他答案中看到的，没有标准的方法出现。 因此你已经提到了Apache Commons，我建议使用Apache Commons IO中的FileUtils来实现以下方法:

/**
 * Creates a temporary subdirectory in the standard temporary directory.
 * This will be automatically deleted upon exit.
 * 
 * @param prefix
 *            the prefix used to create the directory, completed by a
 *            current timestamp. Use for instance your application's name
 * @return the directory
 */
public static File createTempDirectory(String prefix) {

    final File tmp = new File(FileUtils.getTempDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
            + "/" + prefix + System.currentTimeMillis());
    tmp.mkdir();
    Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {

        @Override
        public void run() {

            try {
                FileUtils.deleteDirectory(tmp);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    });
    return tmp;

}

这是首选的，因为apache公共库是最接近所要求的“标准”的库，并且适用于JDK 7和旧版本。这也返回了一个“旧的”文件实例(基于流)，而不是一个“新的”路径实例(基于缓冲区，将是JDK7的getTemporaryDirectory()方法的结果)->因此，当大多数人想要创建临时目录时，它返回了他们需要的东西。

正如本RFE及其注释中所讨论的，您可以首先调用tempDir.delete()。或者你可以使用System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")并在那里创建一个目录。无论采用哪种方法，都应该记得调用tempDir.deleteOnExit()，否则在完成操作后文件将不会被删除。

我也遇到了同样的问题，所以这只是给那些感兴趣的人的另一个答案，它类似于上面的一个:

public static final String tempDir = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")+"tmp"+System.nanoTime();
static {
    File f = new File(tempDir);
    if(!f.exists())
        f.mkdir();
}

对于我的应用程序，我决定添加一个选项来清除退出时的临时，所以我添加了一个关机钩子:

Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            //stackless deletion
            String root = MainWindow.tempDir;
            Stack<String> dirStack = new Stack<String>();
            dirStack.push(root);
            while(!dirStack.empty()) {
                String dir = dirStack.pop();
                File f = new File(dir);
                if(f.listFiles().length==0)
                    f.delete();
                else {
                    dirStack.push(dir);
                    for(File ff: f.listFiles()) {
                        if(ff.isFile())
                            ff.delete();
                        else if(ff.isDirectory())
                            dirStack.push(ff.getPath());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    });

该方法在删除临时文件之前删除所有subdirs和文件，而不使用callstack(这完全是可选的，此时您可以使用递归来完成)，但我想安全起见。