具体地说重载或重写并没有给出全貌。多态性就是对象根据其类型专门化其行为的能力。

我不同意这里的一些答案，因为重载是一种多态形式(参数多态)，在这种情况下，具有相同名称的方法可以具有不同的行为，给出不同的参数类型。一个很好的例子是操作符重载。您可以定义“+”来接受不同类型的参数——例如字符串或int型——并且基于这些类型，“+”将具有不同的行为。

多态性还包括继承和重写方法，尽管它们在基类型中可以是抽象的或虚拟的。在基于继承的多态性方面，Java只支持单个类继承，将其多态行为限制为单个基类型链。Java支持多个接口的实现，这是另一种形式的多态行为。

多态性简单来说就是“多种形式”。

它不需要继承来实现…作为接口实现，它根本不是继承，服务于多态需求。可以说，接口实现比继承更能满足多态需求。

例如，你会创建一个超类来描述所有会飞的东西吗?我不这么认为。你最好创建一个描述飞行的界面，然后就这样吧。

因此，由于接口描述行为，而方法名描述行为(对程序员来说)，将方法重载视为一种较小形式的多态性并不过分。

import java.io.IOException;

class Super {

    protected Super getClassName(Super s) throws IOException {
        System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " - I'm parent");
        return null;
    }

}

class SubOne extends Super {

    @Override
    protected Super getClassName(Super s)  {
        System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " - I'm Perfect Overriding");
        return null;
    }

}

class SubTwo extends Super {

    @Override
    protected Super getClassName(Super s) throws NullPointerException {
        System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " - I'm Overriding and Throwing Runtime Exception");
        return null;
    }

}

class SubThree extends Super {

    @Override
    protected SubThree getClassName(Super s) {
        System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName()+ " - I'm Overriding and Returning SubClass Type");
        return null;
    }

}

class SubFour extends Super {

    @Override
    protected Super getClassName(Super s) throws IOException {
        System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName()+ " - I'm Overriding and Throwing Narrower Exception ");
        return null;
    }

}

class SubFive extends Super {

    @Override
    public Super getClassName(Super s) {
        System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName()+ " - I'm Overriding and have broader Access ");
        return null;
    }

}

class SubSix extends Super {

    public Super getClassName(Super s, String ol) {
        System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName()+ " - I'm Perfect Overloading ");
        return null;
    }

}

class SubSeven extends Super {

    public Super getClassName(SubSeven s) {
        System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName()+ " - I'm Perfect Overloading because Method signature (Argument) changed.");
        return null;
    }

}

public class Test{

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        System.out.println("Overriding\n");

        Super s1 = new SubOne(); s1.getClassName(null);

        Super s2 = new SubTwo(); s2.getClassName(null);

        Super s3 = new SubThree(); s3.getClassName(null);

        Super s4 = new SubFour(); s4.getClassName(null);

        Super s5 = new SubFive(); s5.getClassName(null);

        System.out.println("Overloading\n");

        SubSix s6 = new SubSix(); s6.getClassName(null, null);

        s6 = new SubSix(); s6.getClassName(null);

        SubSeven s7 = new SubSeven(); s7.getClassName(s7);

        s7 = new SubSeven(); s7.getClassName(new Super());

    }
}

重写更像是通过声明一个与上层方法(超级方法)具有相同名称和签名的方法来隐藏一个继承的方法，这为类添加了多态行为。 换句话说，选择要调用的级别方法的决定将在运行时而不是在编译时做出。 这就引出了接口和实现的概念。

经典的例子，狗和猫是动物，动物有制造声音的方法。我可以迭代调用makeNoise的动物数组，并期望它们在各自的实现。

调用代码不需要知道它们是什么特定的动物。

这就是我所说的多态性。

Polymorphism is a multiple implementations of an object or you could say multiple forms of an object. lets say you have class Animals as the abstract base class and it has a method called movement() which defines the way that the animal moves. Now in reality we have different kinds of animals and they move differently as well some of them with 2 legs, others with 4 and some with no legs, etc.. To define different movement() of each animal on earth, we need to apply polymorphism. However, you need to define more classes i.e. class Dogs Cats Fish etc. Then you need to extend those classes from the base class Animals and override its method movement() with a new movement functionality based on each animal you have. You can also use Interfaces to achieve that. The keyword in here is overriding, overloading is different and is not considered as polymorphism. with overloading you can define multiple methods "with same name" but with different parameters on same object or class.