我已经开发了一个随机字符串生成器,但它的行为并不像我所希望的那样。我的目标是能够运行两次,并生成两个不同的四字符随机字符串。但是,它只生成一个四个字符的随机字符串两次。

下面是代码和输出示例:

private string RandomString(int size)
{
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    Random random = new Random();
    char ch;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        ch = Convert.ToChar(Convert.ToInt32(Math.Floor(26 * random.NextDouble() + 65)));                 
        builder.Append(ch);
    }

    return builder.ToString();
}

// get 1st random string 
string Rand1 = RandomString(4);

// get 2nd random string 
string Rand2 = RandomString(4);

// create full rand string
string docNum = Rand1 + "-" + Rand2;

...输出如下:UNTE-UNTE ...但它应该看起来像这个UNTE-FWNU

如何确保两个明显随机的字符串?


当前回答

这是另一个基于guid的想法。我在Visual Studio性能测试中使用它来生成只包含字母数字字符的随机字符串。

public string GenerateRandomString(int stringLength)
{
    Random rnd = new Random();
    Guid guid;
    String randomString = string.Empty;

    int numberOfGuidsRequired = (int)Math.Ceiling((double)stringLength / 32d);
    for (int i = 0; i < numberOfGuidsRequired; i++)
    {
        guid = Guid.NewGuid();
        randomString += guid.ToString().Replace("-", "");
    }

    return randomString.Substring(0, stringLength);
}

其他回答

这是另一个基于guid的想法。我在Visual Studio性能测试中使用它来生成只包含字母数字字符的随机字符串。

public string GenerateRandomString(int stringLength)
{
    Random rnd = new Random();
    Guid guid;
    String randomString = string.Empty;

    int numberOfGuidsRequired = (int)Math.Ceiling((double)stringLength / 32d);
    for (int i = 0; i < numberOfGuidsRequired; i++)
    {
        guid = Guid.NewGuid();
        randomString += guid.ToString().Replace("-", "");
    }

    return randomString.Substring(0, stringLength);
}

如果您想为强密码生成一串数字和字符。

private static Random random = new Random();

private static string CreateTempPass(int size)
        {
            var pass = new StringBuilder();
            for (var i=0; i < size; i++)
            {
                var binary = random.Next(0,2);
                switch (binary)
                {
                    case 0:
                    var ch = (Convert.ToChar(Convert.ToInt32(Math.Floor(26*random.NextDouble() + 65))));
                        pass.Append(ch);
                        break;
                    case 1:
                        var num = random.Next(1, 10);
                        pass.Append(num);
                        break;
                }
            }
            return pass.ToString();
        }

实际上,一个好的解决方案是为随机数生成器提供一个线程安全且不使用锁的静态方法。

这样,同时访问web应用程序的多个用户就不会得到相同的随机字符串。

这里有3个例子: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/pfxteam/archive/2009/02/19/9434171.aspx

我会用最后一个:

public static class RandomGen3
{
    private static RNGCryptoServiceProvider _global = 
        new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
    [ThreadStatic]
    private static Random _local;

    public static int Next()
    {
        Random inst = _local;
        if (inst == null)
        {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[4];
            _global.GetBytes(buffer);
            _local = inst = new Random(
                BitConverter.ToInt32(buffer, 0));
        }
        return inst.Next();
    }
}

然后就可以适当消去了

Random random = new Random();

只需调用RandomGen3.Next(),而您的方法可以保持静态。

这是因为Random的每个新实例都在快速调用中生成相同的数字。不要一直创建新实例,只需调用next()并在方法之外声明随机类。

这个解决方案是Random类的扩展。

使用

class Program
{
    private static Random random = new Random(); 

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        random.NextString(10); // "cH*%I\fUWH0"
        random.NextString(10); // "Cw&N%27+EM"
        random.NextString(10); // "0LZ}nEJ}_-"
        random.NextString();   // "kFmeget80LZ}nEJ}_-"
    }
}

实现

public static class RandomEx
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Generates random string of printable ASCII symbols of a given length
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="r">instance of the Random class</param>
    /// <param name="length">length of a random string</param>
    /// <returns>Random string of a given length</returns>
    public static string NextString(this Random r, int length)
    {
        var data = new byte[length];
        for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
        {
            // All ASCII symbols: printable and non-printable
            // data[i] = (byte)r.Next(0, 128);
            // Only printable ASCII
            data[i] = (byte)r.Next(32, 127);
        }
        var encoding = new ASCIIEncoding();
        return encoding.GetString(data);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Generates random string of printable ASCII symbols
    /// with random length of 10 to 20 chars
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="r">instance of the Random class</param>
    /// <returns>Random string of a random length between 10 and 20 chars</returns>
    public static string NextString(this Random r)
    {
        int length  = r.Next(10, 21);
        return NextString(r, length);
    }
}