你可以使用StringTemplate库，它提供了你想要的和更多。

import org.antlr.stringtemplate.*;

final StringTemplate hello = new StringTemplate("Hello, $name$");
hello.setAttribute("name", "World");
System.out.println(hello.toString());

public static String format(String format, Map<String, Object> values) {
    StringBuilder formatter = new StringBuilder(format);
    List<Object> valueList = new ArrayList<Object>();

    Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{(\\w+)}").matcher(format);

    while (matcher.find()) {
        String key = matcher.group(1);

        String formatKey = String.format("${%s}", key);
        int index = formatter.indexOf(formatKey);

        if (index != -1) {
            formatter.replace(index, index + formatKey.length(), "%s");
            valueList.add(values.get(key));
        }
    }

    return String.format(formatter.toString(), valueList.toArray());
}

例子:

String format = "My name is ${1}. ${0} ${1}.";

Map<String, Object> values = new HashMap<String, Object>();
values.put("0", "James");
values.put("1", "Bond");

System.out.println(format(format, values)); // My name is Bond. James Bond.

试试Freemarker，模板库。

I created also a util/helper class (using jdk 8) which can format a string an replaces occurrences of variables. For this purpose I used the Matchers "appendReplacement" method which does all the substitution and loops only over the affected parts of a format string. The helper class isn't currently well javadoc documented. I will changes this in the future ;) Anyway I commented the most important lines (I hope). public class FormatHelper { //Prefix and suffix for the enclosing variable name in the format string. //Replace the default values with any you need. public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "${"; public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = "}"; //Define dynamic function what happens if a key is not found. //Replace the defualt exception with any "unchecked" exception type you need or any other behavior. public static final BiFunction<String, String, String> DEFAULT_NO_KEY_FUNCTION = (fullMatch, variableName) -> { throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Key: %s for variable %s not found.", variableName, fullMatch)); }; private final Pattern variablePattern; private final Map<String, String> values; private final BiFunction<String, String, String> noKeyFunction; private final String prefix; private final String suffix; public FormatHelper(Map<String, String> values) { this(DEFAULT_NO_KEY_FUNCTION, values); } public FormatHelper( BiFunction<String, String, String> noKeyFunction, Map<String, String> values) { this(DEFAULT_PREFIX, DEFAULT_SUFFIX, noKeyFunction, values); } public FormatHelper(String prefix, String suffix, Map<String, String> values) { this(prefix, suffix, DEFAULT_NO_KEY_FUNCTION, values); } public FormatHelper( String prefix, String suffix, BiFunction<String, String, String> noKeyFunction, Map<String, String> values) { this.prefix = prefix; this.suffix = suffix; this.values = values; this.noKeyFunction = noKeyFunction; //Create the Pattern and quote the prefix and suffix so that the regex don't interpret special chars. //The variable name is a "\w+" in an extra capture group. variablePattern = Pattern.compile(Pattern.quote(prefix) + "(\\w+)" + Pattern.quote(suffix)); } public static String format(CharSequence format, Map<String, String> values) { return new FormatHelper(values).format(format); } public static String format( CharSequence format, BiFunction<String, String, String> noKeyFunction, Map<String, String> values) { return new FormatHelper(noKeyFunction, values).format(format); } public static String format( String prefix, String suffix, CharSequence format, Map<String, String> values) { return new FormatHelper(prefix, suffix, values).format(format); } public static String format( String prefix, String suffix, BiFunction<String, String, String> noKeyFunction, CharSequence format, Map<String, String> values) { return new FormatHelper(prefix, suffix, noKeyFunction, values).format(format); } public String format(CharSequence format) { //Create matcher based on the init pattern for variable names. Matcher matcher = variablePattern.matcher(format); //This buffer will hold all parts of the formatted finished string. StringBuffer formatBuffer = new StringBuffer(); //loop while the matcher finds another variable (prefix -> name <- suffix) match while (matcher.find()) { //The root capture group with the full match e.g ${variableName} String fullMatch = matcher.group(); //The capture group for the variable name resulting from "(\w+)" e.g. variableName String variableName = matcher.group(1); //Get the value in our Map so the Key is the used variable name in our "format" string. The associated value will replace the variable. //If key is missing (absent) call the noKeyFunction with parameters "fullMatch" and "variableName" else return the value. String value = values.computeIfAbsent(variableName, key -> noKeyFunction.apply(fullMatch, key)); //Escape the Map value because the "appendReplacement" method interprets the $ and \ as special chars. String escapedValue = Matcher.quoteReplacement(value); //The "appendReplacement" method replaces the current "full" match (e.g. ${variableName}) with the value from the "values" Map. //The replaced part of the "format" string is appended to the StringBuffer "formatBuffer". matcher.appendReplacement(formatBuffer, escapedValue); } //The "appendTail" method appends the last part of the "format" String which has no regex match. //That means if e.g. our "format" string has no matches the whole untouched "format" string is appended to the StringBuffer "formatBuffer". //Further more the method return the buffer. return matcher.appendTail(formatBuffer) .toString(); } public String getPrefix() { return prefix; } public String getSuffix() { return suffix; } public Map<String, String> getValues() { return values; } } You can create a class instance for a specific Map with values (or suffix prefix or noKeyFunction) like: Map<String, String> values = new HashMap<>(); values.put("firstName", "Peter"); values.put("lastName", "Parker"); FormatHelper formatHelper = new FormatHelper(values); formatHelper.format("${firstName} ${lastName} is Spiderman!"); // Result: "Peter Parker is Spiderman!" // Next format: formatHelper.format("Does ${firstName} ${lastName} works as photographer?"); //Result: "Does Peter Parker works as photographer?" Further more you can define what happens if a key in the values Map is missing (works in both ways e.g. wrong variable name in format string or missing key in Map). The default behavior is an thrown unchecked exception (unchecked because I use the default jdk8 Function which cant handle checked exceptions) like: Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("firstName", "Peter"); map.put("lastName", "Parker"); FormatHelper formatHelper = new FormatHelper(map); formatHelper.format("${missingName} ${lastName} is Spiderman!"); //Result: RuntimeException: Key: missingName for variable ${missingName} not found. You can define a custom behavior in the constructor call like: Map<String, String> values = new HashMap<>(); values.put("firstName", "Peter"); values.put("lastName", "Parker"); FormatHelper formatHelper = new FormatHelper(fullMatch, variableName) -> variableName.equals("missingName") ? "John": "SOMETHING_WRONG", values); formatHelper.format("${missingName} ${lastName} is Spiderman!"); // Result: "John Parker is Spiderman!" or delegate it back to the default no key behavior: ... FormatHelper formatHelper = new FormatHelper((fullMatch, variableName) -> variableName.equals("missingName") ? "John" : FormatHelper.DEFAULT_NO_KEY_FUNCTION.apply(fullMatch, variableName), map); ... For better handling there are also static method representations like: Map<String, String> values = new HashMap<>(); values.put("firstName", "Peter"); values.put("lastName", "Parker"); FormatHelper.format("${firstName} ${lastName} is Spiderman!", map); // Result: "Peter Parker is Spiderman!"

截至2022年，最新的解决方案是Apache Commons Text StringSubstitutor

医生说:

// Build map
 Map<String, String> valuesMap = new HashMap<>();
 valuesMap.put("animal", "quick brown fox");
 valuesMap.put("target", "lazy dog");
 String templateString = "The ${animal} jumped over the ${target} ${undefined.number:-1234567890} times.";

 // Build StringSubstitutor
 StringSubstitutor sub = new StringSubstitutor(valuesMap);

 // Replace
 String resolvedString = sub.replace(templateString)

;

基于这个答案，我创建了MapBuilder类:

public class MapBuilder {

    public static Map<String, Object> build(Object... data) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();

        if (data.length % 2 != 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Odd number of arguments");
        }

        String key = null;
        Integer step = -1;

        for (Object value : data) {
            step++;
            switch (step % 2) {
                case 0:
                    if (value == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null key value");
                    }
                    key = (String) value;
                    continue;
                case 1:
                    result.put(key, value);
                    break;
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

}

然后我创建类StringFormat用于字符串格式化:

public final class StringFormat {

    public static String format(String format, Object... args) {
        Map<String, Object> values = MapBuilder.build(args);

        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : values.entrySet()) {
            String key = entry.getKey();
            Object value = entry.getValue();
            format = format.replace("$" + key, value.toString());
        }

        return format;
    }

}

你可以这样用:

String bookingDate = StringFormat.format("From $startDate to $endDate"), 
        "$startDate", formattedStartDate, 
        "$endDate", formattedEndDate
);