谢谢你的帮助!使用所有的线索，我写了一个例程来做我想要的——使用字典的类似python的字符串格式化。因为我是Java新手，任何提示都是感激的。

public static String dictFormat(String format, Hashtable<String, Object> values) {
    StringBuilder convFormat = new StringBuilder(format);
    Enumeration<String> keys = values.keys();
    ArrayList valueList = new ArrayList();
    int currentPos = 1;
    while (keys.hasMoreElements()) {
        String key = keys.nextElement(),
        formatKey = "%(" + key + ")",
        formatPos = "%" + Integer.toString(currentPos) + "$";
        int index = -1;
        while ((index = convFormat.indexOf(formatKey, index)) != -1) {
            convFormat.replace(index, index + formatKey.length(), formatPos);
            index += formatPos.length();
        }
        valueList.add(values.get(key));
        ++currentPos;
    }
    return String.format(convFormat.toString(), valueList.toArray());
}

这是一个旧的线程，但只是为了记录，你也可以使用Java 8风格，像这样:

public static String replaceParams(Map<String, String> hashMap, String template) {
    return hashMap.entrySet().stream().reduce(template, (s, e) -> s.replace("%(" + e.getKey() + ")", e.getValue()),
            (s, s2) -> s);
}

用法:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    final HashMap<String, String> hashMap = new HashMap<String, String>() {
        {
            put("foo", "foo1");
            put("bar", "bar1");
            put("car", "BMW");
            put("truck", "MAN");
        }
    };
    String res = replaceParams(hashMap, "This is '%(foo)' and '%(foo)', but also '%(bar)' '%(bar)' indeed.");
    System.out.println(res);
    System.out.println(replaceParams(hashMap, "This is '%(car)' and '%(foo)', but also '%(bar)' '%(bar)' indeed."));
    System.out.println(replaceParams(hashMap, "This is '%(car)' and '%(truck)', but also '%(foo)' '%(bar)' + '%(truck)' indeed."));
}

输出将是:

This is 'foo1' and 'foo1', but also 'bar1' 'bar1' indeed.
This is 'BMW' and 'foo1', but also 'bar1' 'bar1' indeed.
This is 'BMW' and 'MAN', but also 'foo1' 'bar1' + 'MAN' indeed.

你可以在字符串助手类上有这样的东西

/**
 * An interpreter for strings with named placeholders.
 *
 * For example given the string "hello %(myName)" and the map <code>
 *      <p>Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();</p>
 *      <p>map.put("myName", "world");</p>
 * </code>
 *
 * the call {@code format("hello %(myName)", map)} returns "hello world"
 *
 * It replaces every occurrence of a named placeholder with its given value
 * in the map. If there is a named place holder which is not found in the
 * map then the string will retain that placeholder. Likewise, if there is
 * an entry in the map that does not have its respective placeholder, it is
 * ignored.
 *
 * @param str
 *            string to format
 * @param values
 *            to replace
 * @return formatted string
 */
public static String format(String str, Map<String, Object> values) {

    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(str);

    for (Entry<String, Object> entry : values.entrySet()) {

        int start;
        String pattern = "%(" + entry.getKey() + ")";
        String value = entry.getValue().toString();

        // Replace every occurence of %(key) with value
        while ((start = builder.indexOf(pattern)) != -1) {
            builder.replace(start, start + pattern.length(), value);
        }
    }

    return builder.toString();
}

public static String format(String format, Map<String, Object> values) {
    StringBuilder formatter = new StringBuilder(format);
    List<Object> valueList = new ArrayList<Object>();

    Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{(\\w+)}").matcher(format);

    while (matcher.find()) {
        String key = matcher.group(1);

        String formatKey = String.format("${%s}", key);
        int index = formatter.indexOf(formatKey);

        if (index != -1) {
            formatter.replace(index, index + formatKey.length(), "%s");
            valueList.add(values.get(key));
        }
    }

    return String.format(formatter.toString(), valueList.toArray());
}

例子:

String format = "My name is ${1}. ${0} ${1}.";

Map<String, Object> values = new HashMap<String, Object>();
values.put("0", "James");
values.put("1", "Bond");

System.out.println(format(format, values)); // My name is Bond. James Bond.

基于这个答案，我创建了MapBuilder类:

public class MapBuilder {

    public static Map<String, Object> build(Object... data) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();

        if (data.length % 2 != 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Odd number of arguments");
        }

        String key = null;
        Integer step = -1;

        for (Object value : data) {
            step++;
            switch (step % 2) {
                case 0:
                    if (value == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null key value");
                    }
                    key = (String) value;
                    continue;
                case 1:
                    result.put(key, value);
                    break;
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

}

然后我创建类StringFormat用于字符串格式化:

public final class StringFormat {

    public static String format(String format, Object... args) {
        Map<String, Object> values = MapBuilder.build(args);

        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : values.entrySet()) {
            String key = entry.getKey();
            Object value = entry.getValue();
            format = format.replace("$" + key, value.toString());
        }

        return format;
    }

}

你可以这样用:

String bookingDate = StringFormat.format("From $startDate to $endDate"), 
        "$startDate", formattedStartDate, 
        "$endDate", formattedEndDate
);

https://dzone.com/articles/java-string-format-examples字符串。format(inputString， [listOfParams])将是最简单的方法。字符串中的占位符可以按顺序定义。欲了解更多详细信息，请查看提供的链接。