关键是接口代表一个契约。任何实现类都必须拥有的一组公共方法。从技术上讲，接口只控制语法，即有什么方法，它们得到什么参数以及它们返回什么。通常它们也封装语义，尽管只是通过文档。

然后，您可以拥有一个接口的不同实现，并随意交换它们。在您的示例中，由于每个披萨实例都是IPizza，因此在处理未知披萨类型实例的任何地方都可以使用IPizza。任何类型继承自IPizza的实例都保证是可排序的，因为它有一个Order()方法。

Python is not statically-typed, therefore types are kept and looked up at runtime. So you can try calling an Order() method on any object. The runtime is happy as long as the object has such a method and probably just shrugs and says »Meh.« if it doesn't. Not so in C#. The compiler is responsible for making the correct calls and if it just has some random object the compiler doesn't know yet whether the instance during runtime will have that method. From the compiler's point of view it's invalid since it cannot verify it. (You can do such things with reflection or the dynamic keyword, but that's going a bit far right now, I guess.)

还要注意，通常意义上的接口不一定是c#接口，它也可以是一个抽象类，甚至是一个普通类(如果所有子类都需要共享一些公共代码，这可以派上用场——然而，在大多数情况下，接口就足够了)。

下面是一个矩形对象的接口:

interface IRectangular
{
    Int32 Width();
    Int32 Height();
}

它所要求的是实现访问对象宽度和高度的方法。

现在让我们定义一个方法，它可以作用于任何irectangle对象:

static class Utils
{
    public static Int32 Area(IRectangular rect)
    {
        return rect.Width() * rect.Height();
    }
}

这将返回任意矩形物体的面积。

让我们实现一个矩形的类SwimmingPool:

class SwimmingPool : IRectangular
{
    int width;
    int height;

    public SwimmingPool(int w, int h)
    { width = w; height = h; }

    public int Width() { return width; }
    public int Height() { return height; }
}

另一个类House也是矩形的:

class House : IRectangular
{
    int width;
    int height;

    public House(int w, int h)
    { width = w; height = h; }

    public int Width() { return width; }
    public int Height() { return height; }
}

鉴于此，你可以在房屋或游泳池上调用Area方法:

var house = new House(2, 3);

var pool = new SwimmingPool(3, 4);

Console.WriteLine(Utils.Area(house));
Console.WriteLine(Utils.Area(pool));

通过这种方式，您的类可以从任意数量的接口“继承”行为(静态方法)。

考虑接口的最简单方法是认识继承的意义。如果类CC继承了类C，这意味着:

类CC可以使用类C的任何public或protected成员，就像它们是自己的一样，因此只需要实现父类中不存在的东西。 对CC的引用可以传递或分配给期望对C的引用的例程或变量。

遗传的这两个功能在某种意义上是相互独立的;虽然继承同时应用这两个，但也可以应用第二个而不应用第一个。这很有用，因为允许一个对象从两个或多个不相关的类继承成员要比允许一种类型可以替代多种类型复杂得多。

接口有点像抽象基类，但有一个关键的区别:继承基类的对象不能继承任何其他类。相反，一个对象可以实现一个接口，而不影响它继承任何所需类或实现任何其他接口的能力。

One nice feature of this (underutilized in the .net framework, IMHO) is that they make it possible to indicate declaratively the things an object can do. Some objects, for example, will want data-source object from which they can retrieve things by index (as is possible with a List), but they won't need to store anything there. Other routines will need a data-depository object where they can store things not by index (as with Collection.Add), but they won't need to read anything back. Some data types will allow access by index, but won't allow writing; others will allow writing, but won't allow access by index. Some, of course, will allow both.

If ReadableByIndex and Appendable were unrelated base classes, it would be impossible to define a type which could be passed both to things expecting a ReadableByIndex and things expecting an Appendable. One could try to mitigate this by having ReadableByIndex or Appendable derive from the other; the derived class would have to make available public members for both purposes, but warn that some public members might not actually work. Some of Microsoft's classes and interfaces do that, but that's rather icky. A cleaner approach is to have interfaces for the different purposes, and then have objects implement interfaces for the things they can actually do. If one had an interface IReadableByIndex and another interface IAppendable, classes which could do one or the other could implement the appropriate interfaces for the things they can do.

考虑到你不能在c#中使用多重继承，然后再看看你的问题。

class Program {
    static void Main(string[] args) {
        IMachine machine = new Machine();
        machine.Run();
        Console.ReadKey();
    }

}

class Machine : IMachine {
    private void Run() {
        Console.WriteLine("Running...");
    }
    void IMachine.Run() => Run();
}

interface IMachine
{
    void Run();
}

让我从另一个角度来描述一下。让我们根据上面的例子来创建一个故事;

程序、机器和IMachine是我们故事的演员。程序想要运行，但它没有这个能力，而机器知道如何运行。机器和IMachine是最好的朋友，但程序和机器没有说话的关系。于是程序和IMachine做了一个交易，决定IMachine通过观察机器(就像一个反射器)来告诉程序如何运行。

Program在IMachine的帮助下学习如何运行。

接口提供通信和开发松散耦合的项目。

PS:我把具体类的方法作为私有。我在这里的目标是通过防止访问具体的类属性和方法来实现松耦合，只允许通过接口访问它们。(所以我明确地定义了接口的方法)。

关键是接口代表一个契约。任何实现类都必须拥有的一组公共方法。从技术上讲，接口只控制语法，即有什么方法，它们得到什么参数以及它们返回什么。通常它们也封装语义，尽管只是通过文档。

然后，您可以拥有一个接口的不同实现，并随意交换它们。在您的示例中，由于每个披萨实例都是IPizza，因此在处理未知披萨类型实例的任何地方都可以使用IPizza。任何类型继承自IPizza的实例都保证是可排序的，因为它有一个Order()方法。

Python is not statically-typed, therefore types are kept and looked up at runtime. So you can try calling an Order() method on any object. The runtime is happy as long as the object has such a method and probably just shrugs and says »Meh.« if it doesn't. Not so in C#. The compiler is responsible for making the correct calls and if it just has some random object the compiler doesn't know yet whether the instance during runtime will have that method. From the compiler's point of view it's invalid since it cannot verify it. (You can do such things with reflection or the dynamic keyword, but that's going a bit far right now, I guess.)

还要注意，通常意义上的接口不一定是c#接口，它也可以是一个抽象类，甚至是一个普通类(如果所有子类都需要共享一些公共代码，这可以派上用场——然而，在大多数情况下，接口就足够了)。