使用Guava的morecolltors . onlyelement()(源代码)。

如果流包含两个或多个元素，则抛出IllegalArgumentException异常;如果流为空，则抛出NoSuchElementException异常。

用法:

import static com.google.common.collect.MoreCollectors.onlyElement;

User match =
    users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() < 0).collect(onlyElement());

public List<state> getAllActiveState() {
    List<Master> master = masterRepository.getActiveExamMasters();
    Master activeMaster = new Master();
    try {
        activeMaster = master.stream().filter(status -> status.getStatus() == true).reduce((u, v) -> {
            throw new IllegalStateException();
        }).get();
        return stateRepository.getAllStateActiveId(activeMaster.getId());
    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
        logger.info(":More than one status found TRUE in Master");
        return null;
    }
}

In this above code, As per the condition if its find more than one true in the list then it will through the exception. When it through the error will showing custom message because it easy maintain the logs on server side. From Nth number of element present in list just want only one element have true condition if in list there are more than one elements having true status at that moment it will through an exception. after getting all the this we using get(); to taking that one element from list and stored it into another object. If you want you added optional like Optional<activeMaster > = master.stream().filter(status -> status.getStatus() == true).reduce((u, v) -> {throw new IllegalStateException();}).get();

如果你不介意使用第三方库，来自cyclops-streams的SequenceM(和来自simple-react的LazyFutureStream)都有single和singleOptional操作符。

如果流中有0个或多个元素，singleOptional()将抛出异常，否则将返回单个值。

String result = SequenceM.of("x")
                          .single();

SequenceM.of().single(); // NoSuchElementException

SequenceM.of(1, 2, 3).single(); // NoSuchElementException

String result = LazyFutureStream.fromStream(Stream.of("x"))
                          .single();

如果流中没有值或有多个值，singleOptional()返回Optional.empty()。

Optional<String> result = SequenceM.fromStream(Stream.of("x"))
                          .singleOptional(); 
//Optional["x"]

Optional<String> result = SequenceM.of().singleOptional(); 
// Optional.empty

Optional<String> result =  SequenceM.of(1, 2, 3).singleOptional(); 
// Optional.empty

披露-我是这两个库的作者。

我自己尝试了一个示例代码，这里是解决方案。

User user = Stream.of(new User(2), new User(2), new User(1), new User(2))
            .filter(u -> u.getAge() == 2).findFirst().get();

和用户类

class User {
    private int age;

public User(int age) {
    this.age = age;
}

public int getAge() {
    return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
 }
}

使用收集器:

public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Optional<T>> singleElementCollector() {
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(
            Collectors.toList(),
            list -> list.size() == 1 ? Optional.of(list.get(0)) : Optional.empty()
    );
}

用法:

Optional<User> result = users.stream()
        .filter((user) -> user.getId() < 0)
        .collect(singleElementCollector());

我们返回一个Optional，因为我们通常不能假设集合只包含一个元素。如果你已经知道这是什么情况，请致电:

User user = result.orElseThrow();

这就把处理错误的负担放在了调用者身上——这是应该的。

User match = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId()== 1).findAny().orElseThrow(()-> new IllegalArgumentException());