我试图使用Java 8流在LinkedList中查找元素。但是,我想保证与筛选条件有且只有一个匹配。

以这段代码为例:

public static void main(String[] args) {

    LinkedList<User> users = new LinkedList<>();
    users.add(new User(1, "User1"));
    users.add(new User(2, "User2"));
    users.add(new User(3, "User3"));

    User match = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() == 1).findAny().get();
    System.out.println(match.toString());
}

static class User {

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return id + " - " + username;
    }

    int id;
    String username;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(int id, String username) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
}

这段代码根据用户的ID查找用户。但是不能保证有多少用户匹配过滤器。

更改过滤器行为:

User match = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() < 0).findAny().get();

将抛出一个NoSuchElementException(很好!)

但是,如果有多个匹配,我希望它抛出一个错误。有办法做到这一点吗?


当前回答

你试过这个吗

long c = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() == 1).count();
if(c > 1){
    throw new IllegalStateException();
}

long count()
Returns the count of elements in this stream. This is a special case of a reduction and is equivalent to:

     return mapToLong(e -> 1L).sum();

This is a terminal operation.

来源:https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/Stream.html

其他回答

我认为这种方式更简单:

User resultUser = users.stream()
    .filter(user -> user.getId() > 0)
    .findFirst().get();

使用Reduce和Optional

来自Fabio Bonfante的回应:

public <T> T getOneExample(Collection<T> collection) {
    return collection.stream()
        .filter(x -> /* do some filter */)
        .reduce((x,y)-> {throw new IllegalStateException("multiple");})
        .orElseThrow(() -> new NoSuchElementException("none"));
}

另一种选择是使用reduction: (本例使用字符串,但可以轻松应用于包括User在内的任何对象类型)

List<String> list = ImmutableList.of("one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "two");
String match = list.stream().filter("two"::equals).reduce(thereCanBeOnlyOne()).get();
//throws NoSuchElementException if there are no matching elements - "zero"
//throws RuntimeException if duplicates are found - "two"
//otherwise returns the match - "one"
...

//Reduction operator that throws RuntimeException if there are duplicates
private static <T> BinaryOperator<T> thereCanBeOnlyOne()
{
    return (a, b) -> {throw new RuntimeException("Duplicate elements found: " + a + " and " + b);};
}

所以对于User的情况,你会有:

User match = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() < 0).reduce(thereCanBeOnlyOne()).get();

使用Guava的morecolltors . onlyelement()(源代码)。

如果流包含两个或多个元素,则抛出IllegalArgumentException异常;如果流为空,则抛出NoSuchElementException异常。

用法:

import static com.google.common.collect.MoreCollectors.onlyElement;

User match =
    users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() < 0).collect(onlyElement());
 List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
    list.add(1);
    list.add(2);
    list.add(3);
Integer value  = list.stream().filter((x->x.intValue()==8)).findFirst().orElse(null);

我已经使用整数类型而不是原语,因为它将有空指针异常。你只需要处理这个异常…看起来很简洁,我觉得;)