这是微软推荐的处理WCF客户端调用的方法:

有关更多详细信息，请参见:预期异常

try
{
    ...
    double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
    ...
    client.Close();
}
catch (TimeoutException exception)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Got {0}", exception.GetType());
    client.Abort();
}
catch (CommunicationException exception)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Got {0}", exception.GetType());
    client.Abort();
}

额外的信息 很多人似乎都在WCF上问这个问题，以至于微软甚至创建了一个专门的示例来演示如何处理异常:

WCF c: \ WF_WCF_Samples \ \基本\ Client \ ExpectedExceptions \ CS \客户机

下载示例: c#或VB

考虑到使用语句有这么多的问题，(激烈?)关于这个问题的内部讨论和线程，我不会浪费时间试图成为一个代码牛仔，找到一个更干净的方法。我只是接受它，为我的服务器应用程序以这种冗长(但可信)的方式实现WCF客户机。

可选的附加失败

许多异常派生于CommunicationException，我认为大多数异常都不应该重新尝试。我费力地浏览了MSDN上的每个异常，并找到了一个可重试异常的简短列表(除了上面的TimeOutException)。如果我错过了应该重试的异常，请告诉我。

  // The following is typically thrown on the client when a channel is terminated due to the server closing the connection.
catch (ChannelTerminatedException cte)
{
secureSecretService.Abort();
// todo: Implement delay (backoff) and retry
}

// The following is thrown when a remote endpoint could not be found or reached.  The endpoint may not be found or 
// reachable because the remote endpoint is down, the remote endpoint is unreachable, or because the remote network is unreachable.
catch (EndpointNotFoundException enfe)
{
secureSecretService.Abort();
// todo: Implement delay (backoff) and retry
}

// The following exception that is thrown when a server is too busy to accept a message.
catch (ServerTooBusyException stbe)
{
secureSecretService.Abort();
// todo: Implement delay (backoff) and retry
}

诚然，这是编写的一些普通代码。我目前更喜欢这个答案，并且在代码中没有看到任何可能导致问题的“hack”。

重写客户端的Dispose()，而不需要基于ClientBase生成代理类，也不需要管理通道创建和缓存!(注意WcfClient不是一个ABSTRACT类，而是基于ClientBase)

// No need for a generated proxy class
//using (WcfClient<IOrderService> orderService = new WcfClient<IOrderService>())
//{
//    results = orderService.GetProxy().PlaceOrder(input);
//}

public class WcfClient<TService> : ClientBase<TService>, IDisposable
    where TService : class
{
    public WcfClient()
    {
    }

    public WcfClient(string endpointConfigurationName) :
        base(endpointConfigurationName)
    {
    }

    public WcfClient(string endpointConfigurationName, string remoteAddress) :
        base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    public WcfClient(string endpointConfigurationName, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) :
        base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    public WcfClient(System.ServiceModel.Channels.Binding binding, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) :
        base(binding, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    protected virtual void OnDispose()
    {
        bool success = false;

        if ((base.Channel as IClientChannel) != null)
        {
            try
            {
                if ((base.Channel as IClientChannel).State != CommunicationState.Faulted)
                {
                    (base.Channel as IClientChannel).Close();
                    success = true;
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                if (!success)
                {
                    (base.Channel as IClientChannel).Abort();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public TService GetProxy()
    {
        return this.Channel as TService;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        OnDispose();
    }
}

我写了一个高阶函数来让它正确工作。我们已经在几个项目中使用了这个方法，看起来效果不错。这就是从一开始就应该做的事情，没有“使用”范式等等。

TReturn UseService<TChannel, TReturn>(Func<TChannel, TReturn> code)
{
    var chanFactory = GetCachedFactory<TChannel>();
    TChannel channel = chanFactory.CreateChannel();
    bool error = true;
    try {
        TReturn result = code(channel);
        ((IClientChannel)channel).Close();
        error = false;
        return result;
    }
    finally {
        if (error) {
            ((IClientChannel)channel).Abort();
        }
    }
}

你可以这样打电话:

int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int sum = UseService((ICalculator calc) => calc.Add(a, b));
Console.WriteLine(sum);

这和你的例子很像。在一些项目中，我们编写强类型的帮助器方法，因此我们最终会写出类似“Wcf.UseFooService(f=>f…)”这样的东西。

从各方面考虑，我觉得它相当优雅。您遇到过什么特别的问题吗?

这允许插入其他漂亮的功能。例如，在一个站点上，站点代表登录用户向服务进行身份验证。(该网站本身没有凭据。)通过编写我们自己的“UseService”方法助手，我们可以按照我们想要的方式配置通道工厂，等等。我们也不局限于使用生成的代理——任何接口都可以。

这是什么?

这是CW版本的接受的答案，但与(我认为完整的)异常处理包括在内。

公认的答案引用了这个已经不复存在的网站。为了省事，我在这里列出了最相关的部分。此外，我对它进行了轻微修改，以包括异常重试处理，以处理那些讨厌的网络超时。

简单的WCF客户端使用

生成客户端代理后，这就是实现它所需要的全部内容。

Service<IOrderService>.Use(orderService=>
{
  orderService.PlaceOrder(request);
});

ServiceDelegate.cs

将此文件添加到解决方案中。不需要对该文件进行任何更改，除非您想更改重试次数或想要处理的异常。

public delegate void UseServiceDelegate<T>(T proxy);

public static class Service<T>
{
    public static ChannelFactory<T> _channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<T>(""); 

    public static void Use(UseServiceDelegate<T> codeBlock)
    {
        IClientChannel proxy = (IClientChannel)_channelFactory.CreateChannel();
        bool success = false;


       Exception mostRecentEx = null;
       int millsecondsToSleep = 1000;

       for(int i=0; i<5; i++)  // Attempt a maximum of 5 times 
       {
           try
           {
               codeBlock((T)proxy);
               proxy.Close();
               success = true; 
               break;
           }

           // The following is typically thrown on the client when a channel is terminated due to the server closing the connection.
           catch (ChannelTerminatedException cte)
           {
              mostRecentEx = cte;
               proxy.Abort();
               //  delay (backoff) and retry 
               Thread.Sleep(millsecondsToSleep  * (i + 1)); 
           }

           // The following is thrown when a remote endpoint could not be found or reached.  The endpoint may not be found or 
           // reachable because the remote endpoint is down, the remote endpoint is unreachable, or because the remote network is unreachable.
           catch (EndpointNotFoundException enfe)
           {
              mostRecentEx = enfe;
               proxy.Abort();
               //  delay (backoff) and retry 
               Thread.Sleep(millsecondsToSleep * (i + 1)); 
           }

           // The following exception that is thrown when a server is too busy to accept a message.
           catch (ServerTooBusyException stbe)
           {
              mostRecentEx = stbe;
               proxy.Abort();

               //  delay (backoff) and retry 
               Thread.Sleep(millsecondsToSleep * (i + 1)); 
           }
           catch (TimeoutException timeoutEx)
           {
               mostRecentEx = timeoutEx;
               proxy.Abort();

               //  delay (backoff) and retry 
               Thread.Sleep(millsecondsToSleep * (i + 1)); 
           } 
           catch (CommunicationException comException)
           {
               mostRecentEx = comException;
               proxy.Abort();

               //  delay (backoff) and retry 
               Thread.Sleep(millsecondsToSleep * (i + 1)); 
           }
           catch(Exception )
           {
                // rethrow any other exception not defined here
                // You may want to define a custom Exception class to pass information such as failure count, and failure type
                proxy.Abort();
                throw ;  
           }
       }
       if (success == false && mostRecentEx != null) 
       { 
           proxy.Abort();
           throw new Exception("WCF call failed after 5 retries.", mostRecentEx );
       }

    }
}

PS:我把这篇文章做成了一个社区维基。我不会从这个答案中收集“分数”，但如果你同意这个实现，或者编辑它使它更好，我更希望你给它投票。

Given a choice between the solution advocated by IServiceOriented.com and the solution advocated by David Barret's blog, I prefer the simplicity offered by overriding the client's Dispose() method. This allows me to continue to use the using() statement as one would expect with a disposable object. However, as @Brian pointed out, this solution contains a race condition in that the State might not be faulted when it is checked but could be by the time Close() is called, in which case the CommunicationException still occurs.

因此，为了解决这个问题，我采用了一种混合了两种方法的解决方案。

void IDisposable.Dispose()
{
    bool success = false;
    try 
    {
        if (State != CommunicationState.Faulted) 
        {
            Close();
            success = true;
        }
    } 
    finally 
    {
        if (!success) 
            Abort();
    }
}

下面的帮助器允许调用void和非void方法。用法:

var calculator = new WcfInvoker<CalculatorClient>(() => new CalculatorClient());
var sum = calculator.Invoke(c => c.Sum(42, 42));
calculator.Invoke(c => c.RebootComputer());

类本身是:

public class WcfInvoker<TService>
    where TService : ICommunicationObject
{
    readonly Func<TService> _clientFactory;

    public WcfInvoker(Func<TService> clientFactory)
    {
        _clientFactory = clientFactory;
    }

    public T Invoke<T>(Func<TService, T> action)
    {
        var client = _clientFactory();
        try
        {
            var result = action(client);
            client.Close();
            return result;
        }
        catch
        {
            client.Abort();
            throw;
        }
    }

    public void Invoke(Action<TService> action)
    {
        Invoke<object>(client =>
        {
            action(client);
            return null;
        });
    }
}