我喜欢在using块中实例化我的WCF服务客户端,因为它几乎是使用实现IDisposable的资源的标准方式:

using (var client = new SomeWCFServiceClient()) 
{
    //Do something with the client 
}

但是,正如这篇MSDN文章中提到的,将WCF客户端包装在using块中可能会掩盖导致客户端处于故障状态(如超时或通信问题)的任何错误。长话短说,当调用Dispose()时,客户端的Close()方法会触发,但会抛出一个错误,因为它处于故障状态。然后,原始异常被第二个异常掩盖。不好的。

在MSDN文章中建议的解决方法是完全避免使用using块,而是实例化你的客户端,并像这样使用它们:

try
{
    ...
    client.Close();
}
catch (CommunicationException e)
{
    ...
    client.Abort();
}
catch (TimeoutException e)
{
    ...
    client.Abort();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
    ...
    client.Abort();
    throw;
}

与using块相比,我认为它很难看。每次需要客户端时都要写大量代码。

幸运的是,我找到了一些其他的解决方法,比如IServiceOriented博客上的这个(现在已经不存在了)。你可以这样开始:

public delegate void UseServiceDelegate<T>(T proxy); 

public static class Service<T> 
{ 
    public static ChannelFactory<T> _channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<T>(""); 
    
    public static void Use(UseServiceDelegate<T> codeBlock) 
    { 
        IClientChannel proxy = (IClientChannel)_channelFactory.CreateChannel(); 
        bool success = false; 
        try 
        { 
            codeBlock((T)proxy); 
            proxy.Close(); 
            success = true; 
        } 
        finally 
        { 
            if (!success) 
            { 
                proxy.Abort(); 
            } 
        } 
     } 
} 

这就允许:

Service<IOrderService>.Use(orderService => 
{ 
    orderService.PlaceOrder(request); 
}); 

这还不错,但我不认为它像using块那样具有表现力和易于理解。

我目前正在尝试使用的解决方法是我第一次在blog.davidbarret.net上读到的。基本上,无论在哪里使用客户机的Dispose()方法,都要重写它。喜欢的东西:

public partial class SomeWCFServiceClient : IDisposable
{
    void IDisposable.Dispose() 
    {
        if (this.State == CommunicationState.Faulted) 
        {
            this.Abort();
        } 
        else 
        {
            this.Close();
        }
    }
}

这似乎能够允许using块再次出现,而不会有隐藏故障状态异常的危险。

那么,使用这些变通方法还有其他需要注意的问题吗?有没有人想出更好的办法?


当前回答

下面是问题来源的增强版本,并扩展到缓存多个通道工厂,并尝试通过契约名称在配置文件中查找端点。

它使用。net 4(具体来说:逆变,LINQ, var):

/// <summary>
/// Delegate type of the service method to perform.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="proxy">The service proxy.</param>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of service to use.</typeparam>
internal delegate void UseServiceDelegate<in T>(T proxy);

/// <summary>
/// Wraps using a WCF service.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of service to use.</typeparam>
internal static class Service<T>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A dictionary to hold looked-up endpoint names.
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly IDictionary<Type, string> cachedEndpointNames = new Dictionary<Type, string>();

    /// <summary>
    /// A dictionary to hold created channel factories.
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly IDictionary<string, ChannelFactory<T>> cachedFactories =
        new Dictionary<string, ChannelFactory<T>>();

    /// <summary>
    /// Uses the specified code block.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="codeBlock">The code block.</param>
    internal static void Use(UseServiceDelegate<T> codeBlock)
    {
        var factory = GetChannelFactory();
        var proxy = (IClientChannel)factory.CreateChannel();
        var success = false;

        try
        {
            using (proxy)
            {
                codeBlock((T)proxy);
            }

            success = true;
        }
        finally
        {
            if (!success)
            {
                proxy.Abort();
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the channel factory.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>The channel factory.</returns>
    private static ChannelFactory<T> GetChannelFactory()
    {
        lock (cachedFactories)
        {
            var endpointName = GetEndpointName();

            if (cachedFactories.ContainsKey(endpointName))
            {
                return cachedFactories[endpointName];
            }

            var factory = new ChannelFactory<T>(endpointName);

            cachedFactories.Add(endpointName, factory);
            return factory;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the name of the endpoint.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>The name of the endpoint.</returns>
    private static string GetEndpointName()
    {
        var type = typeof(T);
        var fullName = type.FullName;

        lock (cachedFactories)
        {
            if (cachedEndpointNames.ContainsKey(type))
            {
                return cachedEndpointNames[type];
            }

            var serviceModel = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None).SectionGroups["system.serviceModel"] as ServiceModelSectionGroup;

            if ((serviceModel != null) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(fullName))
            {
                foreach (var endpointName in serviceModel.Client.Endpoints.Cast<ChannelEndpointElement>().Where(endpoint => fullName.EndsWith(endpoint.Contract)).Select(endpoint => endpoint.Name))
                {
                    cachedEndpointNames.Add(type, endpointName);
                    return endpointName;
                }
            }
        }

        throw new InvalidOperationException("Could not find endpoint element for type '" + fullName + "' in the ServiceModel client configuration section. This might be because no configuration file was found for your application, or because no endpoint element matching this name could be found in the client element.");
    }
}

其他回答

下面是问题来源的增强版本,并扩展到缓存多个通道工厂,并尝试通过契约名称在配置文件中查找端点。

它使用。net 4(具体来说:逆变,LINQ, var):

/// <summary>
/// Delegate type of the service method to perform.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="proxy">The service proxy.</param>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of service to use.</typeparam>
internal delegate void UseServiceDelegate<in T>(T proxy);

/// <summary>
/// Wraps using a WCF service.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of service to use.</typeparam>
internal static class Service<T>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A dictionary to hold looked-up endpoint names.
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly IDictionary<Type, string> cachedEndpointNames = new Dictionary<Type, string>();

    /// <summary>
    /// A dictionary to hold created channel factories.
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly IDictionary<string, ChannelFactory<T>> cachedFactories =
        new Dictionary<string, ChannelFactory<T>>();

    /// <summary>
    /// Uses the specified code block.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="codeBlock">The code block.</param>
    internal static void Use(UseServiceDelegate<T> codeBlock)
    {
        var factory = GetChannelFactory();
        var proxy = (IClientChannel)factory.CreateChannel();
        var success = false;

        try
        {
            using (proxy)
            {
                codeBlock((T)proxy);
            }

            success = true;
        }
        finally
        {
            if (!success)
            {
                proxy.Abort();
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the channel factory.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>The channel factory.</returns>
    private static ChannelFactory<T> GetChannelFactory()
    {
        lock (cachedFactories)
        {
            var endpointName = GetEndpointName();

            if (cachedFactories.ContainsKey(endpointName))
            {
                return cachedFactories[endpointName];
            }

            var factory = new ChannelFactory<T>(endpointName);

            cachedFactories.Add(endpointName, factory);
            return factory;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the name of the endpoint.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>The name of the endpoint.</returns>
    private static string GetEndpointName()
    {
        var type = typeof(T);
        var fullName = type.FullName;

        lock (cachedFactories)
        {
            if (cachedEndpointNames.ContainsKey(type))
            {
                return cachedEndpointNames[type];
            }

            var serviceModel = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None).SectionGroups["system.serviceModel"] as ServiceModelSectionGroup;

            if ((serviceModel != null) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(fullName))
            {
                foreach (var endpointName in serviceModel.Client.Endpoints.Cast<ChannelEndpointElement>().Where(endpoint => fullName.EndsWith(endpoint.Contract)).Select(endpoint => endpoint.Name))
                {
                    cachedEndpointNames.Add(type, endpointName);
                    return endpointName;
                }
            }
        }

        throw new InvalidOperationException("Could not find endpoint element for type '" + fullName + "' in the ServiceModel client configuration section. This might be because no configuration file was found for your application, or because no endpoint element matching this name could be found in the client element.");
    }
}

我的方法是创建一个显式实现IDisposable的继承类。这对于使用gui添加服务引用(添加服务引用)的人很有用。我只是在项目中删除这个类,使服务引用,并使用它而不是默认客户端:

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using MyApp.MyService; // The name you gave the service namespace

namespace MyApp.Helpers.Services
{
    public class MyServiceClientSafe : MyServiceClient, IDisposable
    {
        void IDisposable.Dispose()
        {
            if (State == CommunicationState.Faulted)
            {
                Abort();
            }
            else if (State != CommunicationState.Closed)
            {
                Close();
            }

            // Further error checks and disposal logic as desired..
        }
    }
}

注意:这只是dispose的一个简单实现,如果你喜欢,你可以实现更复杂的dispose逻辑。

然后你可以用安全客户端替换常规服务客户端的所有调用,如下所示:

using (MyServiceClientSafe client = new MyServiceClientSafe())
{
    var result = client.MyServiceMethod();
}

我喜欢这个解决方案,因为它不需要我访问接口定义,我可以使用using语句,因为我期望,同时允许我的代码看起来或多或少相同。

您仍然需要处理可以抛出的异常,正如在本线程的其他注释中指出的那样。

如果不需要IoC或使用自动生成的客户端(服务引用),那么可以简单地使用包装器来管理关闭,并在客户端处于安全状态(不会抛出任何异常)时让GC接管客户端。GC将在serviceclient中调用Dispose,而这个将调用Close。因为它已经关闭了,所以不会造成任何损害。我使用这个没有问题的生产代码。

public class AutoCloseWcf : IDisposable
{

    private ICommunicationObject CommunicationObject;

    public AutoDisconnect(ICommunicationObject CommunicationObject)
    {
        this.CommunicationObject = CommunicationObject;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        if (CommunicationObject == null)
            return;
        try {
            if (CommunicationObject.State != CommunicationState.Faulted) {
                CommunicationObject.Close();
            } else {
                CommunicationObject.Abort();
            }
        } catch (CommunicationException ce) {
            CommunicationObject.Abort();
        } catch (TimeoutException toe) {
            CommunicationObject.Abort();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            CommunicationObject.Abort();
            //Perhaps log this

        } finally {
            CommunicationObject = null;
        }
    }
}

然后,当你访问服务器时,你创建客户端,并在autodisconnect中使用using:

var Ws = new ServiceClient("netTcpEndPointName");
using (new AutoCloseWcf(Ws)) {

    Ws.Open();

    Ws.Test();
}

这是微软推荐的处理WCF客户端调用的方法:

有关更多详细信息,请参见:预期异常

try
{
    ...
    double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
    ...
    client.Close();
}
catch (TimeoutException exception)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Got {0}", exception.GetType());
    client.Abort();
}
catch (CommunicationException exception)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Got {0}", exception.GetType());
    client.Abort();
}

额外的信息 很多人似乎都在WCF上问这个问题,以至于微软甚至创建了一个专门的示例来演示如何处理异常:

WCF c: \ WF_WCF_Samples \ \基本\ Client \ ExpectedExceptions \ CS \客户机

下载示例: c#或VB

考虑到使用语句有这么多的问题,(激烈?)关于这个问题的内部讨论和线程,我不会浪费时间试图成为一个代码牛仔,找到一个更干净的方法。我只是接受它,为我的服务器应用程序以这种冗长(但可信)的方式实现WCF客户机。

可选的附加失败

许多异常派生于CommunicationException,我认为大多数异常都不应该重新尝试。我费力地浏览了MSDN上的每个异常,并找到了一个可重试异常的简短列表(除了上面的TimeOutException)。如果我错过了应该重试的异常,请告诉我。

  // The following is typically thrown on the client when a channel is terminated due to the server closing the connection.
catch (ChannelTerminatedException cte)
{
secureSecretService.Abort();
// todo: Implement delay (backoff) and retry
}

// The following is thrown when a remote endpoint could not be found or reached.  The endpoint may not be found or 
// reachable because the remote endpoint is down, the remote endpoint is unreachable, or because the remote network is unreachable.
catch (EndpointNotFoundException enfe)
{
secureSecretService.Abort();
// todo: Implement delay (backoff) and retry
}

// The following exception that is thrown when a server is too busy to accept a message.
catch (ServerTooBusyException stbe)
{
secureSecretService.Abort();
// todo: Implement delay (backoff) and retry
}

诚然,这是编写的一些普通代码。我目前更喜欢这个答案,并且在代码中没有看到任何可能导致问题的“hack”。

我喜欢这种结束联系的方式:

var client = new ProxyClient();
try
{
    ...
    client.Close();
}
finally
{
    if(client.State != CommunicationState.Closed)
        client.Abort();
}