从Typescript 2.1开始，enum中的字符串键都是强类型的。Keyof typeof用于获取可用字符串键的信息(1):

enum Color{
    Red, Green
}

let typedColor: Color = Color.Green;
let typedColorString: keyof typeof Color = "Green";

// Error "Black is not assignable ..." (indexing using Color["Black"] will return undefined runtime)
typedColorString = "Black";

// Error "Type 'string' is not assignable ..." (indexing works runtime)
let letColorString = "Red";
typedColorString = letColorString;

// Works fine
typedColorString = "Red";

// Works fine
const constColorString = "Red";
typedColorString = constColorString

// Works fine (thanks @SergeyT)
let letColorString = "Red";
typedColorString = letColorString as keyof typeof Color;

typedColor = Color[typedColorString];

https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/advanced-types.html#index-types

Typescript 3.9提案

enum Color{ RED, GREEN }

const color = 'RED' as Color;

容易peasy……柠檬捏的!

这个笔记与basarat的回答有关，而不是最初的问题。

我在自己的项目中遇到了一个奇怪的问题，编译器给出了一个大致相当于“不能将字符串转换为颜色”的错误，使用这段代码的等价物:

var colorId = myOtherObject.colorId; // value "Green";
var color: Color = <Color>Color[colorId]; // TSC error here: Cannot convert string to Color.

我发现编译器的类型推断变得混乱，它认为colorId是一个enum值，而不是一个ID。为了解决这个问题，我必须将ID转换为字符串:

var colorId = <string>myOtherObject.colorId; // Force string value here
var color: Color = Color[colorId]; // Fixes lookup here.

我不确定是什么导致了这个问题，但我会在这里留下这张便条，以防有人遇到和我一样的问题。

简单的方法

enum Color { Red, Green }

const c1 = Color["Red"]
const redStr = "Red" // important: use `const`, not mutable `let`
const c2 = Color[redStr]

这既适用于数值枚举，也适用于字符串枚举。不需要使用类型断言。

未知enum字符串

Simple, unsafe variant

const redStrWide: string = "Red" // wide, unspecific typed string
const c3 = Color[redStrWide as keyof typeof Color]

Safe variant with checks

const isEnumName = <T>(str: string, _enum: T): str is Extract<keyof T, string> =>
    str in _enum
const enumFromName = <T>(name: string, _enum: T) => {
    if (!isEnumName(name, _enum)) throw Error() // here fail fast as an example
    return _enum[name]
}
const c4 = enumFromName(redStrWide, Color)

转换字符串enum值

字符串枚举没有反向映射(与数字枚举相反)。我们可以创建一个查找助手来将枚举值字符串转换为枚举类型:

enum ColorStr { Red = "red", Green = "green" }

const c5_by_name = ColorStr["Red"] // ✅ this works
const c5_by_value_error = ColorStr["red"] // ❌ , but this not

const enumFromValue = <T extends Record<string, string>>(val: string, _enum: T) => {
    const enumName = (Object.keys(_enum) as Array<keyof T>).find(k => _enum[k] === val)
    if (!enumName) throw Error() // here fail fast as an example
    return _enum[enumName]
}

const c5 = enumFromValue("red", ColorStr)

操场上的样品

提供的大多数答案都没有对Enums提供广泛的支持。允许OP请求只从字符串值中获取Enum，但是Enum也允许其他值。

interface StandardEnum<T> {
    [id: string]: T | string;
    [nu: number]: string;
}

/**
 * Converts the given representation of the value of one enumerated constant to an equivalent enumerated type.
 *
 * @param type - An enumeration type
 * @param value - A value to convert
 */
export const genericValueToEnum = <T, K extends StandardEnum<T>> (
    type: StandardEnum<T>,
    value: K[keyof K]
): T | undefined => {
    const keys = Object.keys(type); // ...but, not really.
    const values = Object.values(type)
        // Filter enum member names because `Object.values()` includes them.
        .filter((value) => !(
            typeof value === 'string' &&
            keys.includes(value) &&
            type[value] !== value
        ));

    return values.includes(value)
        ? value as unknown as T
        : undefined;
}

这将适用于所有枚举，无论它们多么复杂(或奇怪)，只要它们没有被标记。

enum OddEnum {
    None = -1,
    No = 0,
    Yes = 1,
    Twenty = '20'
    Other = 'Other',
    MORE = 'More',
};

genericValueToEnum(OddEnum, -1); // => -1 as OddEnum;
genericValueToEnum(OddEnum, 'Other'); // => 'Other' as OddEnum;
genericValueToEnum(OddEnum, 'MORE'); // => undefined;

我还遇到了同样的编译器错误。只是Sly_cardinal方法的一个稍短的变种。

var color: Color = Color[<string>colorId];