我需要在SQL Server数据库中删除一个高度引用的表。我如何才能得到所有外键约束的列表,我将需要删除以便删除表?
(SQL比在管理工作室的GUI中点击更可取)
我需要在SQL Server数据库中删除一个高度引用的表。我如何才能得到所有外键约束的列表,我将需要删除以便删除表?
(SQL比在管理工作室的GUI中点击更可取)
当前回答
确定数据库中所有表的主键和唯一键…
这应该列出所有的约束条件,在最后你可以放入过滤器
/* CAST IS DONE , SO THAT OUTPUT INTEXT FILE REMAINS WITH SCREEN LIMIT*/
WITH ALL_KEYS_IN_TABLE (CONSTRAINT_NAME,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,PARENT_TABLE_NAME,PARENT_COL_NAME,PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE,REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME,REFERENCE_COL_NAME)
AS
(
SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME= CAST (PKnUKEY.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
CONSTRAINT_TYPE=CAST (PKnUKEY.type_desc AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
PARENT_TABLE_NAME=CAST (PKnUTable.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
PARENT_COL_NAME=CAST ( PKnUKEYCol.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE= oParentColDtl.DATA_TYPE,
REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME='' ,
REFERENCE_COL_NAME=''
FROM sys.key_constraints as PKnUKEY
INNER JOIN sys.tables as PKnUTable
ON PKnUTable.object_id = PKnUKEY.parent_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns as PKnUColIdx
ON PKnUColIdx.object_id = PKnUTable.object_id
AND PKnUColIdx.index_id = PKnUKEY.unique_index_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns as PKnUKEYCol
ON PKnUKEYCol.object_id = PKnUTable.object_id
AND PKnUKEYCol.column_id = PKnUColIdx.column_id
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS oParentColDtl
ON oParentColDtl.TABLE_NAME=PKnUTable.name
AND oParentColDtl.COLUMN_NAME=PKnUKEYCol.name
UNION ALL
SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME= CAST (oConstraint.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
CONSTRAINT_TYPE='FK',
PARENT_TABLE_NAME=CAST (oParent.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
PARENT_COL_NAME=CAST ( oParentCol.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE= oParentColDtl.DATA_TYPE,
REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME=CAST ( oReference.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
REFERENCE_COL_NAME=CAST (oReferenceCol.name AS VARCHAR(30))
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns FKC
INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oConstraint
ON FKC.constraint_object_id=oConstraint.id
INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oParent
ON FKC.parent_object_id=oParent.id
INNER JOIN sys.all_columns oParentCol
ON FKC.parent_object_id=oParentCol.object_id /* ID of the object to which this column belongs.*/
AND FKC.parent_column_id=oParentCol.column_id/* ID of the column. Is unique within the object.Column IDs might not be sequential.*/
INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oReference
ON FKC.referenced_object_id=oReference.id
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS oParentColDtl
ON oParentColDtl.TABLE_NAME=oParent.name
AND oParentColDtl.COLUMN_NAME=oParentCol.name
INNER JOIN sys.all_columns oReferenceCol
ON FKC.referenced_object_id=oReferenceCol.object_id /* ID of the object to which this column belongs.*/
AND FKC.referenced_column_id=oReferenceCol.column_id/* ID of the column. Is unique within the object.Column IDs might not be sequential.*/
)
select * from ALL_KEYS_IN_TABLE
where
PARENT_TABLE_NAME in ('YOUR_TABLE_NAME')
or REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME in ('YOUR_TABLE_NAME')
ORDER BY PARENT_TABLE_NAME,CONSTRAINT_NAME;
如需参考,请阅读http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqltips/archive/2005/09/16/469136.aspx
其他回答
试试这个:
sp_help 'TableName'
我将使用SQL Server Management Studio中的数据库图表功能,但既然你排除了它-这在SQL Server 2008中为我工作(没有2005)。
获取引用表和列名的列表…
select
t.name as TableWithForeignKey,
fk.constraint_column_id as FK_PartNo, c.
name as ForeignKeyColumn
from
sys.foreign_key_columns as fk
inner join
sys.tables as t on fk.parent_object_id = t.object_id
inner join
sys.columns as c on fk.parent_object_id = c.object_id and fk.parent_column_id = c.column_id
where
fk.referenced_object_id = (select object_id
from sys.tables
where name = 'TableOthersForeignKeyInto')
order by
TableWithForeignKey, FK_PartNo
获取外键约束的名称
select distinct name from sys.objects where object_id in
( select fk.constraint_object_id from sys.foreign_key_columns as fk
where fk.referenced_object_id =
(select object_id from sys.tables where name = 'TableOthersForeignKeyInto')
)
以下是我认为在SQL Server 2016中处理这种情况的最佳实践。
你必须列出外键使用:
EXEC sp_fkeys 'TableName'
在这里你可以看到fk的全部信息。注意列FKTABLE_NAME, FKCOLUMN_NAME, FK_NAME, UPDATE_RULE, DELETE_RULE是你需要删除外键并在截断后再次实现它们的信息。
你可以组织一个脚本如下:
-- EXEC sp_fkeys 'TableName'
-- DROP CONSTRAINTS: I drop one, here drop every constraint you desire.
BEGIN TRANSACTION
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName
DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS FK_TableName_OtherTable
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName SET (LOCK_ESCALATION = TABLE)
GO
COMMIT
-- TRUNCATE
BEGIN TRANSACTION
TRUNCATE TABLE TableName
GO
COMMIT
-- RECREATE CONSTRAINTS: I recreate 1, here recreate every fk you desire
BEGIN TRANSACTION
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName SET (LOCK_ESCALATION = TABLE)
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName ADD CONSTRAINT
FK_TableName_OtherTable FOREIGN KEY
(
Id_FK
) REFERENCES dbo.OtherTable
(
Id
) ON UPDATE NO ACTION
ON DELETE NO ACTION
GO
COMMIT
** UPDATE_RULE和DELETE_RULE的值可以在sp_fkeys的文档中看到:
我在2008年及以后一直在使用它。它类似于列出的其他一些解决方案,但字段名称是适当的大小写,以处理特定于大小写的(LatBin)排序。此外,您可以为它提供一个表名,并检索该表的信息。
-->>SPECIFY THE DESIRED DB
USE ???
GO
/*********************************************************************************************
LIST OUT ALL PRIMARY AND FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINTS IN A DB OR FOR A SPECIFIED TABLE
*********************************************************************************************/
DECLARE @tblName VARCHAR(255)
/*******************/
SET @tblName = NULL-->NULL will return all PK/FK constraints for every table in the database
/*******************/
SELECT PKTABLE_QUALIFIER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,DB_NAME()),
PKTABLE_OWNER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,SCHEMA_NAME(O1.schema_id)),
PKTABLE_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,O1.name),
PKCOLUMN_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,C1.name),
FKTABLE_QUALIFIER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,DB_NAME()),
FKTABLE_OWNER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,SCHEMA_NAME(O2.schema_id)),
FKTABLE_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,O2.name),
FKCOLUMN_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,C2.name),
-- Force the column to be non-nullable (see SQL BU 325751)
KEY_SEQ = isnull(convert(smallint,K.constraint_column_id),0),
UPDATE_RULE = CONVERT(SMALLINT,CASE OBJECTPROPERTY(F.object_id,'CnstIsUpdateCascade')
WHEN 1 THEN 0
ELSE 1
END),
DELETE_RULE = CONVERT(SMALLINT,CASE OBJECTPROPERTY(F.object_id,'CnstIsDeleteCascade')
WHEN 1 THEN 0
ELSE 1
END),
FK_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,OBJECT_NAME(F.object_id)),
PK_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,I.name),
DEFERRABILITY = CONVERT(SMALLINT,7) -- SQL_NOT_DEFERRABLE
FROM sys.all_objects O1,
sys.all_objects O2,
sys.all_columns C1,
sys.all_columns C2,
sys.foreign_keys F
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns K
ON (K.constraint_object_id = F.object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.indexes I
ON (F.referenced_object_id = I.object_id
AND F.key_index_id = I.index_id)
WHERE O1.object_id = F.referenced_object_id
AND O2.object_id = F.parent_object_id
AND C1.object_id = F.referenced_object_id
AND C2.object_id = F.parent_object_id
AND C1.column_id = K.referenced_column_id
AND C2.column_id = K.parent_column_id
AND ( O1.name = @tblName
OR O2.name = @tblName
OR @tblName IS null)
ORDER BY PKTABLE_NAME,FKTABLE_NAME
我正在使用这个脚本来查找与外键相关的所有细节。 我正在使用INFORMATION.SCHEMA。 下面是一个SQL脚本:
SELECT
ccu.table_name AS SourceTable
,ccu.constraint_name AS SourceConstraint
,ccu.column_name AS SourceColumn
,kcu.table_name AS TargetTable
,kcu.column_name AS TargetColumn
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE ccu
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS rc
ON ccu.CONSTRAINT_NAME = rc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE kcu
ON kcu.CONSTRAINT_NAME = rc.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
ORDER BY ccu.table_name