with tab_list as (
    select t.name AS Table_Name, t.object_id, s.name AS Table_Schema  from sys.tables t, sys.schemas s 
     where t.schema_id = s.schema_id
       and s.name = 'your schema') 
select IIF(col.column_id = 1, tab.TABLE_SCHEMA + '.' + tab.TABLE_NAME, NULL) Table_Name,
       col.Name AS Column_Name, IIF(col.IS_NULLABLE= 0, 'NOT NULL', '') Nullable, st.name Type,
       CASE WHEN st.name = 'decimal' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(4000), col.Precision) + ',' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(4000), col.Scale) 
            WHEN col.max_length = -1 THEN 'max'
            WHEN st.name in ('int', 'bit', 'bigint', 'datetime2') THEN NULL
       ELSE CONVERT(NVARCHAR(4000), col.max_length / 2)
       END
       AS Length,
       ss.name + '.' + stab.name Referenced_Table, scol.name Referenced_Column 
from sys.COLUMNS col  
    INNER JOIN tab_list tab ON col.object_id = tab.object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.types st ON col.system_type_id = st.system_type_id AND col.user_type_id = st.user_type_id 
    LEFT JOIN [sys].[foreign_key_columns] sfkc ON col.object_id = sfkc.parent_object_id AND col.column_id = sfkc.parent_column_id
    LEFT JOIN sys.tables stab ON sfkc.referenced_object_id = stab.object_id
    LEFT JOIN sys.columns scol ON sfkc.referenced_object_id = scol.object_id AND sfkc.referenced_column_id = scol.column_id 
    LEFT JOIN sys.schemas ss ON ss.schema_id = stab.schema_id

这里有如何计算所选Id的所有责任。只需更改@dbTableName值，@dbRowId值及其类型(如果是int，则需要在第82行中删除“..设置@sql = ..))。享受。

DECLARE @dbTableName varchar(max) = 'User'
DECLARE @dbRowId uniqueidentifier = '21d34ecd-c1fd-11e2-8545-002219a42e1c'

DECLARE @FK_ROWCOUNT int
DECLARE @SQL nvarchar(max)

DECLARE @PKTABLE_QUALIFIER sysname
DECLARE @PKTABLE_OWNER sysname
DECLARE @PKTABLE_NAME sysname
DECLARE @PKCOLUMN_NAME sysname
DECLARE @FKTABLE_QUALIFIER sysname
DECLARE @FKTABLE_OWNER sysname
DECLARE @FKTABLE_NAME sysname
DECLARE @FKCOLUMN_NAME sysname
DECLARE @UPDATE_RULE smallint
DECLARE @DELETE_RULE smallint
DECLARE @FK_NAME sysname
DECLARE @PK_NAME sysname
DECLARE @DEFERRABILITY sysname

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Temp1') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #Temp1;
CREATE TABLE #Temp1 ( 
    PKTABLE_QUALIFIER sysname,
    PKTABLE_OWNER sysname,
    PKTABLE_NAME sysname,
    PKCOLUMN_NAME sysname,
    FKTABLE_QUALIFIER sysname,
    FKTABLE_OWNER sysname,
    FKTABLE_NAME sysname,
    FKCOLUMN_NAME sysname,
    UPDATE_RULE smallint,
    DELETE_RULE smallint,
    FK_NAME sysname,
    PK_NAME sysname,
    DEFERRABILITY sysname,
    FK_ROWCOUNT int
    );
DECLARE FK_Counter_Cursor CURSOR FOR
    SELECT PKTABLE_QUALIFIER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,DB_NAME()),
       PKTABLE_OWNER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,SCHEMA_NAME(O1.SCHEMA_ID)),
       PKTABLE_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,O1.NAME),
       PKCOLUMN_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,C1.NAME),
       FKTABLE_QUALIFIER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,DB_NAME()),
       FKTABLE_OWNER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,SCHEMA_NAME(O2.SCHEMA_ID)),
       FKTABLE_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,O2.NAME),
       FKCOLUMN_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,C2.NAME),
       -- Force the column to be non-nullable (see SQL BU 325751)
       --KEY_SEQ             = isnull(convert(smallint,k.constraint_column_id), sysconv(smallint,0)),
       UPDATE_RULE = CONVERT(SMALLINT,CASE OBJECTPROPERTY(F.OBJECT_ID,'CnstIsUpdateCascade') 
                                        WHEN 1 THEN 0
                                        ELSE 1
                                      END),
       DELETE_RULE = CONVERT(SMALLINT,CASE OBJECTPROPERTY(F.OBJECT_ID,'CnstIsDeleteCascade') 
                                        WHEN 1 THEN 0
                                        ELSE 1
                                      END),
       FK_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,OBJECT_NAME(F.OBJECT_ID)),
       PK_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,I.NAME),
       DEFERRABILITY = CONVERT(SMALLINT,7)   -- SQL_NOT_DEFERRABLE
    FROM   SYS.ALL_OBJECTS O1,
           SYS.ALL_OBJECTS O2,
           SYS.ALL_COLUMNS C1,
           SYS.ALL_COLUMNS C2,
           SYS.FOREIGN_KEYS F
           INNER JOIN SYS.FOREIGN_KEY_COLUMNS K
             ON (K.CONSTRAINT_OBJECT_ID = F.OBJECT_ID)
           INNER JOIN SYS.INDEXES I
             ON (F.REFERENCED_OBJECT_ID = I.OBJECT_ID
                 AND F.KEY_INDEX_ID = I.INDEX_ID)
    WHERE  O1.OBJECT_ID = F.REFERENCED_OBJECT_ID
           AND O2.OBJECT_ID = F.PARENT_OBJECT_ID
           AND C1.OBJECT_ID = F.REFERENCED_OBJECT_ID
           AND C2.OBJECT_ID = F.PARENT_OBJECT_ID
           AND C1.COLUMN_ID = K.REFERENCED_COLUMN_ID
           AND C2.COLUMN_ID = K.PARENT_COLUMN_ID
           AND O1.NAME = @dbTableName
OPEN FK_Counter_Cursor;
FETCH NEXT FROM FK_Counter_Cursor INTO @PKTABLE_QUALIFIER, @PKTABLE_OWNER, @PKTABLE_NAME, @PKCOLUMN_NAME, @FKTABLE_QUALIFIER, @FKTABLE_OWNER, @FKTABLE_NAME, @FKCOLUMN_NAME, @UPDATE_RULE, @DELETE_RULE, @FK_NAME, @PK_NAME, @DEFERRABILITY;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
   BEGIN
        SET @SQL = 'SELECT @dbCountOut = COUNT(*) FROM [' + @FKTABLE_NAME + '] WHERE [' + @FKCOLUMN_NAME + '] = ''' + CAST(@dbRowId AS varchar(max)) + '''';
        EXECUTE sp_executesql @SQL, N'@dbCountOut int OUTPUT', @dbCountOut = @FK_ROWCOUNT OUTPUT;
        INSERT INTO #Temp1 (PKTABLE_QUALIFIER, PKTABLE_OWNER, PKTABLE_NAME, PKCOLUMN_NAME, FKTABLE_QUALIFIER, FKTABLE_OWNER, FKTABLE_NAME, FKCOLUMN_NAME, UPDATE_RULE, DELETE_RULE, FK_NAME, PK_NAME, DEFERRABILITY, FK_ROWCOUNT) VALUES (@FKTABLE_QUALIFIER, @PKTABLE_OWNER, @PKTABLE_NAME, @PKCOLUMN_NAME, @FKTABLE_QUALIFIER, @FKTABLE_OWNER, @FKTABLE_NAME, @FKCOLUMN_NAME, @UPDATE_RULE, @DELETE_RULE, @FK_NAME, @PK_NAME, @DEFERRABILITY, @FK_ROWCOUNT)
      FETCH NEXT FROM FK_Counter_Cursor INTO @PKTABLE_QUALIFIER, @PKTABLE_OWNER, @PKTABLE_NAME, @PKCOLUMN_NAME, @FKTABLE_QUALIFIER, @FKTABLE_OWNER, @FKTABLE_NAME, @FKCOLUMN_NAME, @UPDATE_RULE, @DELETE_RULE, @FK_NAME, @PK_NAME, @DEFERRABILITY;
   END;
CLOSE FK_Counter_Cursor;
DEALLOCATE FK_Counter_Cursor;
GO
SELECT * FROM #Temp1
GO

SELECT PKTABLE_QUALIFIER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,DB_NAME()),
       PKTABLE_OWNER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,SCHEMA_NAME(O1.SCHEMA_ID)),
       PKTABLE_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,O1.NAME),
       PKCOLUMN_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,C1.NAME),
       FKTABLE_QUALIFIER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,DB_NAME()),
       FKTABLE_OWNER = CONVERT(SYSNAME,SCHEMA_NAME(O2.SCHEMA_ID)),
       FKTABLE_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,O2.NAME),
       FKCOLUMN_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,C2.NAME),
       -- Force the column to be non-nullable (see SQL BU 325751)
       --KEY_SEQ             = isnull(convert(smallint,k.constraint_column_id), sysconv(smallint,0)),
       UPDATE_RULE = CONVERT(SMALLINT,CASE OBJECTPROPERTY(F.OBJECT_ID,'CnstIsUpdateCascade') 
                                        WHEN 1 THEN 0
                                        ELSE 1
                                      END),
       DELETE_RULE = CONVERT(SMALLINT,CASE OBJECTPROPERTY(F.OBJECT_ID,'CnstIsDeleteCascade') 
                                        WHEN 1 THEN 0
                                        ELSE 1
                                      END),
       FK_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,OBJECT_NAME(F.OBJECT_ID)),
       PK_NAME = CONVERT(SYSNAME,I.NAME),
       DEFERRABILITY = CONVERT(SMALLINT,7)   -- SQL_NOT_DEFERRABLE
FROM   SYS.ALL_OBJECTS O1,
       SYS.ALL_OBJECTS O2,
       SYS.ALL_COLUMNS C1,
       SYS.ALL_COLUMNS C2,
       SYS.FOREIGN_KEYS F
       INNER JOIN SYS.FOREIGN_KEY_COLUMNS K
         ON (K.CONSTRAINT_OBJECT_ID = F.OBJECT_ID)
       INNER JOIN SYS.INDEXES I
         ON (F.REFERENCED_OBJECT_ID = I.OBJECT_ID
             AND F.KEY_INDEX_ID = I.INDEX_ID)
WHERE  O1.OBJECT_ID = F.REFERENCED_OBJECT_ID
       AND O2.OBJECT_ID = F.PARENT_OBJECT_ID
       AND C1.OBJECT_ID = F.REFERENCED_OBJECT_ID
       AND C2.OBJECT_ID = F.PARENT_OBJECT_ID
       AND C1.COLUMN_ID = K.REFERENCED_COLUMN_ID
       AND C2.COLUMN_ID = K.PARENT_COLUMN_ID

最简单的方法是使用sys。SQL中的foreign_keys_columns。这里的表包含了所有外键的对象ID，包括它们的引用列ID、引用表ID以及引用列和表。由于Id保持不变，因此对于Schema和表中的进一步修改，结果将是可靠的。

查询:

SELECT    
OBJECT_NAME(fkeys.constraint_object_id) foreign_key_name
,OBJECT_NAME(fkeys.parent_object_id) referencing_table_name
,COL_NAME(fkeys.parent_object_id, fkeys.parent_column_id) referencing_column_name
,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(fkeys.parent_object_id) referencing_schema_name
,OBJECT_NAME (fkeys.referenced_object_id) referenced_table_name
,COL_NAME(fkeys.referenced_object_id, fkeys.referenced_column_id) 
referenced_column_name
,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(fkeys.referenced_object_id) referenced_schema_name
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns AS fkeys

我们还可以使用where添加过滤器

WHERE OBJECT_NAME(fkeys.parent_object_id) = 'table_name' AND 
OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(fkeys.parent_object_id) = 'schema_name'

我将使用SQL Server Management Studio中的数据库图表功能，但既然你排除了它-这在SQL Server 2008中为我工作(没有2005)。

获取引用表和列名的列表…

select 
    t.name as TableWithForeignKey, 
    fk.constraint_column_id as FK_PartNo, c.
    name as ForeignKeyColumn 
from 
    sys.foreign_key_columns as fk
inner join 
    sys.tables as t on fk.parent_object_id = t.object_id
inner join 
    sys.columns as c on fk.parent_object_id = c.object_id and fk.parent_column_id = c.column_id
where 
    fk.referenced_object_id = (select object_id 
                               from sys.tables 
                               where name = 'TableOthersForeignKeyInto')
order by 
    TableWithForeignKey, FK_PartNo

获取外键约束的名称

select distinct name from sys.objects where object_id in 
(   select fk.constraint_object_id from sys.foreign_key_columns as fk
    where fk.referenced_object_id = 
        (select object_id from sys.tables where name = 'TableOthersForeignKeyInto')
)

Mysql服务器有information_schema。REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS表供参考，您可以通过表名或引用表名过滤它。