是否有跨浏览器的CSS/JavaScript技术来显示一个长HTML表，使列标题保持固定在屏幕上，而不随表体滚动。想想微软Excel中的“冻结窗格”效果。
我希望能够滚动表的内容，但总是能够在顶部看到列标题。
当前回答
我一直在寻找一个解决方案，发现大多数答案都不工作或不适合我的情况，所以我用jQuery编写了一个简单的解决方案。
这是解决方案大纲:
克隆需要固定表头的表，并放置 在原拷贝之上的克隆拷贝。 从主表上拆下表体。 从底部表中删除表头。 调整列的宽度。(我们跟踪原始列的宽度)
下面是一个可运行的演示代码。
function scrolify(tblAsJQueryObject, height) { var oTbl = tblAsJQueryObject; // for very large tables you can remove the four lines below // and wrap the table with <div> in the mark-up and assign // height and overflow property var oTblDiv = $("<div/>"); oTblDiv.css('height', height); oTblDiv.css('overflow', 'scroll'); oTbl.wrap(oTblDiv); // save original width oTbl.attr("data-item-original-width", oTbl.width()); oTbl.find('thead tr td').each(function() { $(this).attr("data-item-original-width", $(this).width()); }); oTbl.find('tbody tr:eq(0) td').each(function() { $(this).attr("data-item-original-width", $(this).width()); }); // clone the original table var newTbl = oTbl.clone(); // remove table header from original table oTbl.find('thead tr').remove(); // remove table body from new table newTbl.find('tbody tr').remove(); oTbl.parent().parent().prepend(newTbl); newTbl.wrap("<div/>"); // replace ORIGINAL COLUMN width newTbl.width(newTbl.attr('data-item-original-width')); newTbl.find('thead tr td').each(function() { $(this).width($(this).attr("data-item-original-width")); }); oTbl.width(oTbl.attr('data-item-original-width')); oTbl.find('tbody tr:eq(0) td').each(function() { $(this).width($(this).attr("data-item-original-width")); }); } $(document).ready(function() { scrolify($('#tblNeedsScrolling'), 160); // 160 is height }); <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <div style="width:300px;border:6px green solid;"> <table border="1" width="100%" id="tblNeedsScrolling"> <thead> <tr><th>Header 1</th><th>Header 2</th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr><td>row 1, cell 1</td><td>row 1, cell 2</td></tr> <tr><td>row 2, cell 1</td><td>row 2, cell 2</td></tr> <tr><td>row 3, cell 1</td><td>row 3, cell 2</td></tr> <tr><td>row 4, cell 1</td><td>row 4, cell 2</td></tr> <tr><td>row 5, cell 1</td><td>row 5, cell 2</td></tr> <tr><td>row 6, cell 1</td><td>row 6, cell 2</td></tr> <tr><td>row 7, cell 1</td><td>row 7, cell 2</td></tr> <tr><td>row 8, cell 1</td><td>row 8, cell 2</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div>
该解决方案支持Chrome和IE浏览器。因为它是基于jQuery的，所以在其他jQuery支持的浏览器中也能正常工作。
其他回答
以下是对马克西米利安·希尔斯(Maximilian Hils)发布的答案的改进。
这个在ie11中没有任何闪烁:
var headerCells = tableWrap.querySelectorAll("thead td");
for (var i = 0; i < headerCells.length; i++) {
var headerCell = headerCells[i];
headerCell.style.backgroundColor = "silver";
}
var lastSTop = tableWrap.scrollTop;
tableWrap.addEventListener("scroll", function () {
var stop = this.scrollTop;
if (stop < lastSTop) {
// Resetting the transform for the scrolling up to hide the headers
for (var i = 0; i < headerCells.length; i++) {
headerCells[i].style.transitionDelay = "0s";
headerCells[i].style.transform = "";
}
}
lastSTop = stop;
var translate = "translate(0," + stop + "px)";
for (var i = 0; i < headerCells.length; i++) {
headerCells[i].style.transitionDelay = "0.25s";
headerCells[i].style.transform = translate;
}
});
一个更精致的纯CSS滚动表
到目前为止，我所见过的所有纯CSS解决方案——尽管它们可能很聪明——都缺乏一定程度的优化，或者在某些情况下不能正常工作。所以，我决定创建我自己的…
特点:
It's pure CSS, so no jQuery required (or any JavaScript code at all, for that matter) You can set the table width to a percent (a.k.a. "fluid") or a fixed value, or let the content determine its width (a.k.a. "auto") Column widths can also be fluid, fixed, or auto. Columns will never become misaligned with headers due to horizontal scrolling (a problem that occurs in every other CSS-based solution I've seen that doesn't require fixed widths). Compatible with all of the popular desktop browsers, including Internet Explorer back to version 8 Clean, polished appearance; no sloppy-looking 1-pixel gaps or misaligned borders; looks the same in all browsers
下面是一些显示流体和自动宽度选项的控件:
流体宽度和高度(适应屏幕大小):jsFiddle(注意，在此配置中，滚动条只在需要时显示，因此您可能必须缩小帧才能看到它) 自动宽度，固定高度(更容易与其他内容集成):jsFiddle
自动宽度，固定高度配置可能有更多的用例，所以我将在下面发布代码。
/* The following 'html' and 'body' rule sets are required only if using a % width or height*/ /*html { width: 100%; height: 100%; }*/ body { box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0 20px 0 20px; text-align: center; } .scrollingtable { box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; width: auto; /* If you want a fixed width, set it here, else set to auto */ min-width: 0/*100%*/; /* If you want a % width, set it here, else set to 0 */ height: 188px/*100%*/; /* Set table height here; can be fixed value or % */ min-height: 0/*104px*/; /* If using % height, make this large enough to fit scrollbar arrows + caption + thead */ font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 20px 0 20px 0; /* Need enough padding to make room for caption */ text-align: left; color: black; } .scrollingtable * {box-sizing: border-box;} .scrollingtable > div { position: relative; border-top: 1px solid black; height: 100%; padding-top: 20px; /* This determines column header height */ } .scrollingtable > div:before { top: 0; background: cornflowerblue; /* Header row background color */ } .scrollingtable > div:before, .scrollingtable > div > div:after { content: ""; position: absolute; z-index: -1; width: 100%; height: 100%; left: 0; } .scrollingtable > div > div { min-height: 0/*43px*/; /* If using % height, make this large enough to fit scrollbar arrows */ max-height: 100%; overflow: scroll/*auto*/; /* Set to auto if using fixed or % width; else scroll */ overflow-x: hidden; border: 1px solid black; /* Border around table body */ } .scrollingtable > div > div:after {background: white;} /* Match page background color */ .scrollingtable > div > div > table { width: 100%; border-spacing: 0; margin-top: -20px; /* Inverse of column header height */ /*margin-right: 17px;*/ /* Uncomment if using % width */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > caption { position: absolute; top: -20px; /*inverse of caption height*/ margin-top: -1px; /*inverse of border-width*/ width: 100%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > * > tr > * {padding: 0;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead { vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div { display: inline-block; padding: 0 6px 0 6px; /*header cell padding*/ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > :first-child:before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; height: 20px; /*match column header height*/ border-left: 1px solid black; /*leftmost header border*/ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:before, .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div > div:first-child, .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * + :before { position: absolute; top: 0; white-space: pre-wrap; color: white; /*header row font color*/ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:before, .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:after {content: attr(label);} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * + :before { content: ""; display: block; min-height: 20px; /* Match column header height */ padding-top: 1px; border-left: 1px solid black; /* Borders between header cells */ } .scrollingtable .scrollbarhead {float: right;} .scrollingtable .scrollbarhead:before { position: absolute; width: 100px; top: -1px; /* Inverse border-width */ background: white; /* Match page background color */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr:after { content: ""; display: table-cell; position: relative; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid black; top: -1px; /* Inverse of border width */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody {vertical-align: top;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr {background: white;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr > * { border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 6px 0 6px; height: 20px; /* Match column header height */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody:last-of-type > tr:last-child > * {border-bottom: none;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(even) {background: gainsboro;} /* Alternate row color */ .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr > * + * {border-left: 1px solid black;} /* Borders between body cells */ <div class="scrollingtable"> <div> <div> <table> <caption>Top Caption</caption> <thead> <tr> <th><div label="Column 1"/></th> <th><div label="Column 2"/></th> <th><div label="Column 3"/></th> <th> <!-- More versatile way of doing column label; requires two identical copies of label --> <div><div>Column 4</div><div>Column 4</div></div> </th> <th class="scrollbarhead"/> <!-- ALWAYS ADD THIS EXTRA CELL AT END OF HEADER ROW --> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> Faux bottom caption </div> </div> <!--[if lte IE 9]><style>.scrollingtable > div > div > table {margin-right: 17px;}</style><![endif]-->
我用来冻结标题行的方法与d-Pixie的方法类似，因此请参阅他的帖子以获得解释。该技术存在大量错误和限制，只能通过大量额外的CSS和一两个额外的div容器来修复。
我意识到这个问题允许JavaScript，但这里有一个纯CSS解决方案，我还允许表水平展开。它在ie10和最新的Chrome和Firefox浏览器上进行了测试。jsFiddle的链接在底部。
HTML:
Putting some text here to differentiate between the header
aligning with the top of the screen and the header aligning
with the top of one of its ancestor containers.
<div id="positioning-container">
<div id="scroll-container">
<table>
<colgroup>
<col class="col1"></col>
<col class="col2"></col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<th class="header-col1"><div>Header 1</div></th>
<th class="header-col2"><div>Header 2</div></th>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 3.1</td><td>Cell 3.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 4.1</td><td>Cell 4.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 5.1</td><td>Cell 5.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 6.1</td><td>Cell 6.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 7.1</td><td>Cell 7.2</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
而CSS:
table{
border-collapse: collapse;
table-layout: fixed;
width: 100%;
}
/* Not required, just helps with alignment for this example */
td, th{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
tbody{
background-color: #ddf;
}
thead {
/* Keeps the header in place. Don't forget top: 0 */
position: absolute;
top: 0;
background-color: #ddd;
/* The 17px is to adjust for the scrollbar width.
* This is a new css value that makes this pure
* css example possible */
width: calc(100% - 17px);
height: 20px;
}
/* Positioning container. Required to position the
* header since the header uses position:absolute
* (otherwise it would position at the top of the screen) */
#positioning-container{
position: relative;
}
/* A container to set the scroll-bar and
* includes padding to move the table contents
* down below the header (padding = header height) */
#scroll-container{
overflow-y: auto;
padding-top: 20px;
height: 100px;
}
.header-col1{
background-color: red;
}
/* Fixed-width header columns need a div to set their width */
.header-col1 div{
width: 100px;
}
/* Expandable columns need a width set on the th tag */
.header-col2{
width: 100%;
}
.col1 {
width: 100px;
}
.col2{
width: 100%;
}
http://jsfiddle.net/HNHRv/3/
简单的jQuery插件
这是Mahes解的一个变种。你可以像这样调用它$('table#foo').scrollableTable();
这个想法是:
将head和tbody分割为单独的表元素 使它们的单元格宽度再次匹配 将第二个表包装在div.scrollable中 使用CSS使div.scrollable实际滚动
CSS可以是:
div.scrollable { height: 300px; overflow-y: scroll;}
警告
显然，拆分这些表会降低标记的语义性。我不确定这对可访问性有什么影响。 这个插件不处理页脚，多个页眉等。 我只在Chrome 20版本中测试过。
也就是说，它符合我的目的，你可以自由地使用和修改它。
下面是插件:
jQuery.fn.scrollableTable = function () {
var $newTable, $oldTable, $scrollableDiv, originalWidths;
$oldTable = $(this);
// Once the tables are split, their cell widths may change.
// Grab these so we can make the two tables match again.
originalWidths = $oldTable.find('tr:first td').map(function() {
return $(this).width();
});
$newTable = $oldTable.clone();
$oldTable.find('tbody').remove();
$newTable.find('thead').remove();
$.each([$oldTable, $newTable], function(index, $table) {
$table.find('tr:first td').each(function(i) {
$(this).width(originalWidths[i]);
});
});
$scrollableDiv = $('<div/>').addClass('scrollable');
$newTable.insertAfter($oldTable).wrap($scrollableDiv);
};
CSS属性position: sticky在大多数现代浏览器中都有很好的支持(我在使用Edge时遇到了问题，见下文)。
这让我们很容易解决固定头文件的问题:
thead th { position: sticky; top: 0; }
Safari需要一个供应商前缀:-webkit-sticky。
对于Firefox，我必须在父元素中添加min-height: 0到1。我忘了为什么要这么做了。
最不幸的是，微软Edge的实现似乎只是半工作。至少，在我的测试中有一些闪烁和不对齐的表单元格。这张桌子仍然可用，但在美学上存在重大问题。
