注意:我相信这是一个可靠的、可移植的、现成的解决方案,但由于这个原因,它总是很冗长。
下面是一个完全兼容POSIX的脚本/函数,因此是跨平台的(也适用于macOS,其readlink在10.12 (Sierra)仍然不支持-f) -它只使用POSIX shell语言特性和只使用POSIX兼容的实用程序调用。
它是GNU readlink -e (readlink -f的严格版本)的可移植实现。
您可以使用sh运行脚本,也可以在bash、ksh和zsh中获取该函数:
例如,在一个脚本中,你可以像下面这样使用它来获取运行脚本的真实源目录,并解析符号链接:
trueScriptDir=$(dirname -- "$(rreadlink "$0")")
Rreadlink脚本/函数定义:
出于感激,代码改编自这个回答。
我还在这里创建了一个基于bash的独立实用程序版本,您可以使用它进行安装
npm install rreadlink -g,如果你已经安装了Node.js。
#!/bin/sh
# SYNOPSIS
# rreadlink <fileOrDirPath>
# DESCRIPTION
# Resolves <fileOrDirPath> to its ultimate target, if it is a symlink, and
# prints its canonical path. If it is not a symlink, its own canonical path
# is printed.
# A broken symlink causes an error that reports the non-existent target.
# LIMITATIONS
# - Won't work with filenames with embedded newlines or filenames containing
# the string ' -> '.
# COMPATIBILITY
# This is a fully POSIX-compliant implementation of what GNU readlink's
# -e option does.
# EXAMPLE
# In a shell script, use the following to get that script's true directory of origin:
# trueScriptDir=$(dirname -- "$(rreadlink "$0")")
rreadlink() ( # Execute the function in a *subshell* to localize variables and the effect of `cd`.
target=$1 fname= targetDir= CDPATH=
# Try to make the execution environment as predictable as possible:
# All commands below are invoked via `command`, so we must make sure that
# `command` itself is not redefined as an alias or shell function.
# (Note that command is too inconsistent across shells, so we don't use it.)
# `command` is a *builtin* in bash, dash, ksh, zsh, and some platforms do not
# even have an external utility version of it (e.g, Ubuntu).
# `command` bypasses aliases and shell functions and also finds builtins
# in bash, dash, and ksh. In zsh, option POSIX_BUILTINS must be turned on for
# that to happen.
{ \unalias command; \unset -f command; } >/dev/null 2>&1
[ -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ] && options[POSIX_BUILTINS]=on # make zsh find *builtins* with `command` too.
while :; do # Resolve potential symlinks until the ultimate target is found.
[ -L "$target" ] || [ -e "$target" ] || { command printf '%s\n' "ERROR: '$target' does not exist." >&2; return 1; }
command cd "$(command dirname -- "$target")" # Change to target dir; necessary for correct resolution of target path.
fname=$(command basename -- "$target") # Extract filename.
[ "$fname" = '/' ] && fname='' # !! curiously, `basename /` returns '/'
if [ -L "$fname" ]; then
# Extract [next] target path, which may be defined
# *relative* to the symlink's own directory.
# Note: We parse `ls -l` output to find the symlink target
# which is the only POSIX-compliant, albeit somewhat fragile, way.
target=$(command ls -l "$fname")
target=${target#* -> }
continue # Resolve [next] symlink target.
fi
break # Ultimate target reached.
done
targetDir=$(command pwd -P) # Get canonical dir. path
# Output the ultimate target's canonical path.
# Note that we manually resolve paths ending in /. and /.. to make sure we have a normalized path.
if [ "$fname" = '.' ]; then
command printf '%s\n' "${targetDir%/}"
elif [ "$fname" = '..' ]; then
# Caveat: something like /var/.. will resolve to /private (assuming /var@ -> /private/var), i.e. the '..' is applied
# AFTER canonicalization.
command printf '%s\n' "$(command dirname -- "${targetDir}")"
else
command printf '%s\n' "${targetDir%/}/$fname"
fi
)
rreadlink "$@"
关于安全问题:
Jarno在引用确保内置命令不会被同名的别名或shell函数所遮蔽的函数时,在注释中询问:
如果unalias或unset和[被设置为别名或shell函数会怎样?
rreadlink确保命令具有其原始含义的动机是使用它来绕过(良性的)方便别名和函数,这些别名和函数通常用于掩盖交互式shell中的标准命令,例如重新定义ls以包括最喜欢的选项。
我认为可以肯定地说,除非您正在处理一个不受信任的、恶意的环境,担心unalias或unset -或者,就此而言,do,…-被重新定义不是一个问题。
有一些函数必须依赖于它的原始意义和行为-没有办法绕过它。
类似posix的shell允许重新定义内置程序甚至语言关键字,这本质上是一种安全风险(而且编写偏执的代码通常是困难的)。
为了解决您的问题:
该函数依赖于unalias和unset具有其原始含义。以改变它们行为的方式将它们重新定义为shell函数将是一个问题;重新定义为别名
不必担心,因为引用(部分)命令名(例如\unalias)会绕过别名。
然而,shell关键字不能引用(while, for, if, do,…),虽然shell关键字优先于shell函数,但在bash和zsh中别名具有最高优先级,因此为了防止shell关键字重新定义,您必须使用它们的名称运行别名(尽管在非交互式bash shell(如脚本)中,默认情况下别名不会扩展-只有在首先显式调用shopt -s expand_aliases时)。
为了确保unalias(作为内置程序)具有其原始含义,您必须首先在其上使用\unset,这要求unset具有其原始含义:
Unset是一个内置的shell,所以为了确保它被这样调用,你必须确保它本身没有被重新定义为一个函数。虽然可以通过引用绕过别名形式,但不能绕过shell函数形式——catch 22。
因此,除非你可以依靠unset来获得它的原始含义,否则就我所知,没有保证的方法来防御所有恶意的重新定义。