似乎serialize是我要使用的一个，有两个原因:

有人指出，unserialize比json_decode更快，而且'read' case听起来比'write' case更有可能。 当使用无效UTF-8字符的字符串时，我遇到了json_encode的问题。当这种情况发生时，字符串最终为空，导致信息丢失。

如果您正在缓存的信息最终希望在稍后的时间点“包含”，那么您可能希望尝试使用var_export。这样你只在“序列化”中受到打击，而不是在“反序列化”中受到打击。

我已经在一个相当复杂、嵌套简单、包含各种数据(字符串、NULL、整数)的多散列上对此进行了非常彻底的测试，序列化/反序列化最终比json_encode/json_decode快得多。

在我的测试中，json的唯一优势是它的“打包”大小更小。

这些都是在PHP 5.3.3下完成的，如果你想了解更多细节，请告诉我。

下面是测试结果，然后是生成它们的代码。我不能提供测试数据，因为它会泄露一些我不能公开的信息。

JSON encoded in 2.23700618744 seconds
PHP serialized in 1.3434419632 seconds
JSON decoded in 4.0405561924 seconds
PHP unserialized in 1.39393305779 seconds

serialized size : 14549
json_encode size : 11520
serialize() was roughly 66.51% faster than json_encode()
unserialize() was roughly 189.87% faster than json_decode()
json_encode() string was roughly 26.29% smaller than serialize()

//  Time json encoding
$start = microtime( true );
for($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i++) {
    json_encode( $test );
}
$jsonTime = microtime( true ) - $start;
echo "JSON encoded in $jsonTime seconds<br>";

//  Time serialization
$start = microtime( true );
for($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i++) {
    serialize( $test );
}
$serializeTime = microtime( true ) - $start;
echo "PHP serialized in $serializeTime seconds<br>";

//  Time json decoding
$test2 = json_encode( $test );
$start = microtime( true );
for($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i++) {
    json_decode( $test2 );
}
$jsonDecodeTime = microtime( true ) - $start;
echo "JSON decoded in $jsonDecodeTime seconds<br>";

//  Time deserialization
$test2 = serialize( $test );
$start = microtime( true );
for($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i++) {
    unserialize( $test2 );
}
$unserializeTime = microtime( true ) - $start;
echo "PHP unserialized in $unserializeTime seconds<br>";

$jsonSize = strlen(json_encode( $test ));
$phpSize = strlen(serialize( $test ));

echo "<p>serialized size : " . strlen(serialize( $test )) . "<br>";
echo "json_encode size : " . strlen(json_encode( $test )) . "<br></p>";

//  Compare them
if ( $jsonTime < $serializeTime )
{
    echo "json_encode() was roughly " . number_format( ($serializeTime / $jsonTime - 1 ) * 100, 2 ) . "% faster than serialize()";
}
else if ( $serializeTime < $jsonTime )
{
    echo "serialize() was roughly " . number_format( ($jsonTime / $serializeTime - 1 ) * 100, 2 ) . "% faster than json_encode()";
} else {
    echo 'Unpossible!';
}
    echo '<BR>';

//  Compare them
if ( $jsonDecodeTime < $unserializeTime )
{
    echo "json_decode() was roughly " . number_format( ($unserializeTime / $jsonDecodeTime - 1 ) * 100, 2 ) . "% faster than unserialize()";
}
else if ( $unserializeTime < $jsonDecodeTime )
{
    echo "unserialize() was roughly " . number_format( ($jsonDecodeTime / $unserializeTime - 1 ) * 100, 2 ) . "% faster than json_decode()";
} else {
    echo 'Unpossible!';
}
    echo '<BR>';
//  Compare them
if ( $jsonSize < $phpSize )
{
    echo "json_encode() string was roughly " . number_format( ($phpSize / $jsonSize - 1 ) * 100, 2 ) . "% smaller than serialize()";
}
else if ( $phpSize < $jsonSize )
{
    echo "serialize() string was roughly " . number_format( ($jsonSize / $phpSize - 1 ) * 100, 2 ) . "% smaller than json_encode()";
} else {
    echo 'Unpossible!';
}

我知道这有点晚了，但答案很旧，我想我的基准测试可能会有帮助，因为我刚刚在PHP 7.4中测试过

Serialize/Unserialize比JSON快得多，占用的内存和空间更少，在PHP 7.4中完全胜出，但我不确定我的测试是最有效或最好的。

我基本上创建了一个PHP文件，它返回一个数组，我编码，序列化，然后解码和反序列化。

$array = include __DIR__.'/../tests/data/dao/testfiles/testArray.php';

//JSON ENCODE
$json_encode_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$json_encode_time_start = microtime(true);

for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) { 
    $encoded = json_encode($array);
}

$json_encode_time_end = microtime(true);
$json_encode_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$json_encode_time = $json_encode_time_end - $json_encode_time_start;
$json_encode_memory = 
$json_encode_memory_end - $json_encode_memory_start;


//SERIALIZE
$serialize_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$serialize_time_start = microtime(true);

for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) { 
    $serialized = serialize($array);
}

$serialize_time_end = microtime(true);
$serialize_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$serialize_time = $serialize_time_end - $serialize_time_start;
$serialize_memory = $serialize_memory_end - $serialize_memory_start;


//Write to file time:
$fpc_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$fpc_time_start = microtime(true);

for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) { 
    $fpc_bytes = 
    file_put_contents(
        __DIR__.'/../tests/data/dao/testOneBigFile',
        '<?php return '.var_export($array,true).' ?>;'
    );
}

$fpc_time_end = microtime(true);
$fpc_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$fpc_time = $fpc_time_end - $fpc_time_start;
$fpc_memory = $fpc_memory_end - $fpc_memory_start;


//JSON DECODE
$json_decode_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$json_decode_time_start = microtime(true);

for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) { 
    $decoded = json_encode($encoded);
}

$json_decode_time_end = microtime(true);
$json_decode_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$json_decode_time = $json_decode_time_end - $json_decode_time_start;
$json_decode_memory = 
$json_decode_memory_end - $json_decode_memory_start;


//UNSERIALIZE
$unserialize_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$unserialize_time_start = microtime(true);

for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) { 
    $unserialized = unserialize($serialized);
}

$unserialize_time_end = microtime(true);
$unserialize_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$unserialize_time = $unserialize_time_end - $unserialize_time_start;
$unserialize_memory = 
$unserialize_memory_end - $unserialize_memory_start;


//GET FROM VAR EXPORT:
$var_export_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$var_export_time_start = microtime(true);

for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) { 
    $array = include __DIR__.'/../tests/data/dao/testOneBigFile';
}

$var_export_time_end = microtime(true);
$var_export_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$var_export_time = $var_export_time_end - $var_export_time_start;
$var_export_memory = $var_export_memory_end - $var_export_memory_start;

结果:

Var输出长度:11447 序列化长度:11541 Json编码长度:11895 文件放内容字节:11464

Json编码时间:1.9197590351105 序列化时间:0.160325050354 FPC时间:6.2793469429016

Json编码内存:12288 序列化内存:12288 FPC内存:0

JSON解码时间:1.7493588924408 UnSerialize Time: 0.19309520721436 Var导出和包括:3.1974139213562

JSON解码内存:16384 反序列化内存:14360 Var Export and Include: 192

在你做出最终决定之前，请注意JSON格式对于关联数组是不安全的——json_decode()将它们作为对象返回:

$config = array(
    'Frodo'   => 'hobbit',
    'Gimli'   => 'dwarf',
    'Gandalf' => 'wizard',
    );
print_r($config);
print_r(json_decode(json_encode($config)));

输出是:

Array
(
    [Frodo] => hobbit
    [Gimli] => dwarf
    [Gandalf] => wizard
)
stdClass Object
(
    [Frodo] => hobbit
    [Gimli] => dwarf
    [Gandalf] => wizard
)

您可能还会对https://github.com/phadej/igbinary感兴趣——它为PHP提供了一个不同的序列化“引擎”。

我的随机/任意的“性能”数据，使用PHP 5.3.5在64位平台上显示:

JSON:

JSON编码在2.180496931076秒 JSON解码在9.8368630409241秒 serialized "String" size: 13993

原生PHP:

PHP在2.9125759601593秒内序列化 PHP在6.4348418712616秒内反序列化 序列化的“字符串”大小:20769

Igbinary:

winigbinary在1.6099879741669秒内序列化 winigbinary在4.7737920284271秒内未序列化 WIN序列化的“字符串”大小:4467

因此，igbinary_serialize()和igbinary_unserialize()更快，使用更少的磁盘空间。

我使用fillArray(0,3)代码，但使数组键更长的字符串。

igbinary可以存储与PHP原生序列化相同的数据类型(所以对象等没有问题)，如果你愿意，你可以告诉PHP5.3使用它来进行会话处理。

参见http://ilia.ws/files/zendcon_2010_hidden_features.pdf -特别是幻灯片14/15/16