如何使用JUnit来测试某些代码是否抛出异常?

我当然可以这样做:

@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
  boolean thrown = false;

  try {
    foo.doStuff();
  } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
    thrown = true;
  }

  assertTrue(thrown);
}

我记得,对于这类情况,有一个注释或Assert.xyz之类的东西远没有JUnit那么笨拙,更符合JUnit的精神。


当前回答

我在这里尝试了许多方法,但它们要么很复杂,要么不太符合我的要求。事实上,可以非常简单地编写一个助手方法:

public class ExceptionAssertions {
    public static void assertException(BlastContainer blastContainer ) {
        boolean caughtException = false;
        try {
            blastContainer.test();
        } catch( Exception e ) {
            caughtException = true;
        }
        if( !caughtException ) {
            throw new AssertionFailedError("exception expected to be thrown, but was not");
        }
    }
    public static interface BlastContainer {
        public void test() throws Exception;
    }
}

这样使用:

assertException(new BlastContainer() {
    @Override
    public void test() throws Exception {
        doSomethingThatShouldExceptHere();
    }
});

零依赖:无需mockito,无需powermock;在期末考试中表现很好。

其他回答

我使用Java 8 lambdas的解决方案:

public static <T extends Throwable> T assertThrows(Class<T> expected, ThrowingRunnable action) throws Throwable {
    try {
        action.run();
        Assert.fail("Did not throw expected " + expected.getSimpleName());
        return null; // never actually
    } catch (Throwable actual) {
        if (!expected.isAssignableFrom(actual.getClass())) { // runtime '!(actual instanceof expected)'
            System.err.println("Threw " + actual.getClass().getSimpleName() 
                               + ", which is not a subtype of expected " 
                               + expected.getSimpleName());
            throw actual; // throw the unexpected Throwable for maximum transparency
        } else {
            return (T) actual; // return the expected Throwable for further examination
        }
    }
}

您必须定义FunctionalInterface,因为Runnable没有声明所需的抛出。

@FunctionalInterface
public interface ThrowingRunnable {
    void run() throws Throwable;
}

方法如下:

class CustomException extends Exception {
    public final String message;
    public CustomException(final String message) { this.message = message;}
}
CustomException e = assertThrows(CustomException.class, () -> {
    throw new CustomException("Lorem Ipsum");
});
assertEquals("Lorem Ipsum", e.message);

这样如何:捕获一个非常普通的异常,确保它从catch块中取出,然后断言该异常的类是您期望的。如果a)异常类型错误(例如,如果您使用了空指针),并且b)该异常从未被抛出,则该断言将失败。

public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
  Throwable e = null;

  try {
    foo.doStuff();
  } catch (Throwable ex) {
    e = ex;
  }

  assertTrue(e instanceof IndexOutOfBoundsException);
}

小心使用预期的异常,因为它只断言方法抛出了该异常,而不是测试中的特定代码行。

我倾向于将其用于测试参数验证,因为这样的方法通常非常简单,但更复杂的测试可能更好:

try {
    methodThatShouldThrow();
    fail( "My method didn't throw when I expected it to" );
} catch (MyException expectedException) {
}

应用判断。

    @Test(expectedException=IndexOutOfBoundsException.class) 
    public void  testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() throws Exception {
         doThrow(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class).when(foo).doStuff();  
         try {
             foo.doStuff(); 
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                       assertEquals(IndexOutOfBoundsException .class, ex.getCause().getClass());
                      throw e;

               }

    }

下面是检查方法是否抛出了正确异常的另一种方法。

您也可以这样做:

@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
    try {
        foo.doStuff();
        assert false;
    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
        assert true;
    }
}