如何使用JUnit来测试某些代码是否抛出异常？
我当然可以这样做：
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
boolean thrown = false;
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
thrown = true;
}
assertTrue(thrown);
}
我记得，对于这类情况，有一个注释或Assert.xyz之类的东西远没有JUnit那么笨拙，更符合JUnit的精神。
当前回答
我在这里尝试了许多方法，但它们要么很复杂，要么不太符合我的要求。事实上，可以非常简单地编写一个助手方法：
public class ExceptionAssertions {
public static void assertException(BlastContainer blastContainer ) {
boolean caughtException = false;
try {
blastContainer.test();
} catch( Exception e ) {
caughtException = true;
}
if( !caughtException ) {
throw new AssertionFailedError("exception expected to be thrown, but was not");
}
}
public static interface BlastContainer {
public void test() throws Exception;
}
}
这样使用：
assertException(new BlastContainer() {
@Override
public void test() throws Exception {
doSomethingThatShouldExceptHere();
}
});
零依赖：无需mockito，无需powermock；在期末考试中表现很好。
其他回答
BDD风格解决方案：JUnit 4+Catch异常+AssertJ
import static com.googlecode.catchexception.apis.BDDCatchException.*;
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
when(() -> foo.doStuff());
then(caughtException()).isInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class);
}
依赖关系
eu.codearte.catch-exception:catch-exception:2.0
更新：JUnit5对异常测试进行了改进：assertThrows。
以下示例来自：Junit 5用户指南
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
@Test
void exceptionTesting() {
IllegalArgumentException exception = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("a message");
});
assertEquals("a message", exception.getMessage());
}
使用JUnit 4的原始答案。
有几种方法可以测试是否引发异常。在我的文章《如何用JUnit编写优秀的单元测试》中，我还讨论了以下选项
设置预期参数@Test（预期=FileNotFoundException.class）。
@Test(expected = FileNotFoundException.class)
public void testReadFile() {
myClass.readFile("test.txt");
}
使用try-catch
public void testReadFile() {
try {
myClass.readFile("test.txt");
fail("Expected a FileNotFoundException to be thrown");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
assertThat(e.getMessage(), is("The file test.txt does not exist!"));
}
}
使用ExpectedException规则进行测试。
@Rule
public ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void testReadFile() throws FileNotFoundException {
thrown.expect(FileNotFoundException.class);
thrown.expectMessage(startsWith("The file test.txt"));
myClass.readFile("test.txt");
}
您可以在JUnit4 wiki中阅读有关异常测试的更多信息，了解异常测试和bad.robot-Expected exceptions JUnit Rule。
我使用Java 8 lambdas的解决方案：
public static <T extends Throwable> T assertThrows(Class<T> expected, ThrowingRunnable action) throws Throwable {
try {
action.run();
Assert.fail("Did not throw expected " + expected.getSimpleName());
return null; // never actually
} catch (Throwable actual) {
if (!expected.isAssignableFrom(actual.getClass())) { // runtime '!(actual instanceof expected)'
System.err.println("Threw " + actual.getClass().getSimpleName()
+ ", which is not a subtype of expected "
+ expected.getSimpleName());
throw actual; // throw the unexpected Throwable for maximum transparency
} else {
return (T) actual; // return the expected Throwable for further examination
}
}
}
您必须定义FunctionalInterface，因为Runnable没有声明所需的抛出。
@FunctionalInterface
public interface ThrowingRunnable {
void run() throws Throwable;
}
方法如下：
class CustomException extends Exception {
public final String message;
public CustomException(final String message) { this.message = message;}
}
CustomException e = assertThrows(CustomException.class, () -> {
throw new CustomException("Lorem Ipsum");
});
assertEquals("Lorem Ipsum", e.message);
我在这里尝试了许多方法，但它们要么很复杂，要么不太符合我的要求。事实上，可以非常简单地编写一个助手方法：
public class ExceptionAssertions {
public static void assertException(BlastContainer blastContainer ) {
boolean caughtException = false;
try {
blastContainer.test();
} catch( Exception e ) {
caughtException = true;
}
if( !caughtException ) {
throw new AssertionFailedError("exception expected to be thrown, but was not");
}
}
public static interface BlastContainer {
public void test() throws Exception;
}
}
这样使用：
assertException(new BlastContainer() {
@Override
public void test() throws Exception {
doSomethingThatShouldExceptHere();
}
});
零依赖：无需mockito，无需powermock；在期末考试中表现很好。
我会使用assertThatTownBy
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
assertThatThrownBy(() -> doStuff()).isInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
}
