如何使用JUnit来测试某些代码是否抛出异常？
我当然可以这样做：
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
boolean thrown = false;
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
thrown = true;
}
assertTrue(thrown);
}
我记得，对于这类情况，有一个注释或Assert.xyz之类的东西远没有JUnit那么笨拙，更符合JUnit的精神。
当前回答
只需制作一个可以关闭和打开的Matcher，如下所示：
public class ExceptionMatcher extends BaseMatcher<Throwable> {
private boolean active = true;
private Class<? extends Throwable> throwable;
public ExceptionMatcher(Class<? extends Throwable> throwable) {
this.throwable = throwable;
}
public void on() {
this.active = true;
}
public void off() {
this.active = false;
}
@Override
public boolean matches(Object object) {
return active && throwable.isAssignableFrom(object.getClass());
}
@Override
public void describeTo(Description description) {
description.appendText("not the covered exception type");
}
}
要使用它：
add public ExpectedException exception=ExpectedException.none（）；，那么：
ExceptionMatcher exMatch = new ExceptionMatcher(MyException.class);
exception.expect(exMatch);
someObject.somethingThatThrowsMyException();
exMatch.off();
其他回答
例如，您想为下面提到的代码片段编写Junit
public int divideByZeroDemo(int a,int b){
return a/b;
}
public void exceptionWithMessage(String [] arr){
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Array is out of bound");
}
上面的代码用于测试可能发生的某些未知异常，下面的代码用于使用自定义消息断言某些异常。
@Rule
public ExpectedException exception=ExpectedException.none();
private Demo demo;
@Before
public void setup(){
demo=new Demo();
}
@Test(expected=ArithmeticException.class)
public void testIfItThrowsAnyException() {
demo.divideByZeroDemo(5, 0);
}
@Test
public void testExceptionWithMessage(){
exception.expectMessage("Array is out of bound");
exception.expect(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class);
demo.exceptionWithMessage(new String[]{"This","is","a","demo"});
}
我建议库assertj核心处理junit测试中的异常
在java 8中，如下所示：
//given
//when
Throwable throwable = catchThrowable(() -> anyService.anyMethod(object));
//then
AnyException anyException = (AnyException) throwable;
assertThat(anyException.getMessage()).isEqualTo("........");
assertThat(exception.getCode()).isEqualTo(".......);
try {
my method();
fail( "This method must thrwo" );
} catch (Exception ex) {
assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqual(myErrormsg);
}
BDD风格解决方案：JUnit 4+Catch异常+AssertJ
import static com.googlecode.catchexception.apis.BDDCatchException.*;
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
when(() -> foo.doStuff());
then(caughtException()).isInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class);
}
依赖关系
eu.codearte.catch-exception:catch-exception:2.0
我在这里尝试了许多方法，但它们要么很复杂，要么不太符合我的要求。事实上，可以非常简单地编写一个助手方法：
public class ExceptionAssertions {
public static void assertException(BlastContainer blastContainer ) {
boolean caughtException = false;
try {
blastContainer.test();
} catch( Exception e ) {
caughtException = true;
}
if( !caughtException ) {
throw new AssertionFailedError("exception expected to be thrown, but was not");
}
}
public static interface BlastContainer {
public void test() throws Exception;
}
}
这样使用：
assertException(new BlastContainer() {
@Override
public void test() throws Exception {
doSomethingThatShouldExceptHere();
}
});
零依赖：无需mockito，无需powermock；在期末考试中表现很好。
