如何使用JUnit来测试某些代码是否抛出异常？
我当然可以这样做：
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
boolean thrown = false;
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
thrown = true;
}
assertTrue(thrown);
}
我记得，对于这类情况，有一个注释或Assert.xyz之类的东西远没有JUnit那么笨拙，更符合JUnit的精神。
当前回答
只需制作一个可以关闭和打开的Matcher，如下所示：
public class ExceptionMatcher extends BaseMatcher<Throwable> {
private boolean active = true;
private Class<? extends Throwable> throwable;
public ExceptionMatcher(Class<? extends Throwable> throwable) {
this.throwable = throwable;
}
public void on() {
this.active = true;
}
public void off() {
this.active = false;
}
@Override
public boolean matches(Object object) {
return active && throwable.isAssignableFrom(object.getClass());
}
@Override
public void describeTo(Description description) {
description.appendText("not the covered exception type");
}
}
要使用它：
add public ExpectedException exception=ExpectedException.none（）；，那么：
ExceptionMatcher exMatch = new ExceptionMatcher(MyException.class);
exception.expect(exMatch);
someObject.somethingThatThrowsMyException();
exMatch.off();
其他回答
try {
my method();
fail( "This method must thrwo" );
} catch (Exception ex) {
assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqual(myErrormsg);
}
@Test(expectedException=IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() throws Exception {
doThrow(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class).when(foo).doStuff();
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
assertEquals(IndexOutOfBoundsException .class, ex.getCause().getClass());
throw e;
}
}
下面是检查方法是否抛出了正确异常的另一种方法。
BDD风格解决方案：JUnit 4+Catch异常+AssertJ
import static com.googlecode.catchexception.apis.BDDCatchException.*;
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
when(() -> foo.doStuff());
then(caughtException()).isInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class);
}
依赖关系
eu.codearte.catch-exception:catch-exception:2.0
在JUnit 4或更高版本中，您可以如下测试异常
@Rule
public ExpectedException exceptions = ExpectedException.none();
这提供了许多可以用来改进JUnit测试的特性。如果您看到下面的示例，我将测试异常的3个方面。
引发的异常类型异常消息异常的原因
public class MyTest {
@Rule
public ExpectedException exceptions = ExpectedException.none();
ClassUnderTest classUnderTest;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
classUnderTest = new ClassUnderTest();
}
@Test
public void testAppleisSweetAndRed() throws Exception {
exceptions.expect(Exception.class);
exceptions.expectMessage("this is the exception message");
exceptions.expectCause(Matchers.<Throwable>equalTo(exceptionCause));
classUnderTest.methodUnderTest("param1", "param2");
}
}
例如，您想为下面提到的代码片段编写Junit
public int divideByZeroDemo(int a,int b){
return a/b;
}
public void exceptionWithMessage(String [] arr){
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Array is out of bound");
}
上面的代码用于测试可能发生的某些未知异常，下面的代码用于使用自定义消息断言某些异常。
@Rule
public ExpectedException exception=ExpectedException.none();
private Demo demo;
@Before
public void setup(){
demo=new Demo();
}
@Test(expected=ArithmeticException.class)
public void testIfItThrowsAnyException() {
demo.divideByZeroDemo(5, 0);
}
@Test
public void testExceptionWithMessage(){
exception.expectMessage("Array is out of bound");
exception.expect(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class);
demo.exceptionWithMessage(new String[]{"This","is","a","demo"});
}
