通过在Java SE 7中使用nio，

import java.nio.file.*;

Path path = Paths.get(filePathString);

if (Files.exists(path)) {
  // file exist
}

if (Files.notExists(path)) {
  // file is not exist
}

如果exists和notExists都返回false，则不能验证文件是否存在。(可能没有访问该路径的权限)

您可以检查path是目录还是普通文件。

if (Files.isDirectory(path)) {
  // path is directory
}

if (Files.isRegularFile(path)) {
  // path is regular file
}

请查看Java SE 7教程。

具有良好编码实践并涵盖所有情况的简单示例:

 private static void fetchIndexSafely(String url) throws FileAlreadyExistsException {
        File f = new File(Constants.RFC_INDEX_LOCAL_NAME);
        if (f.exists()) {
            throw new FileAlreadyExistsException(f.getAbsolutePath());
        } else {
            try {
                URL u = new URL(url);
                FileUtils.copyURLToFile(u, f);
            } catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(RfcFetcher.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(RfcFetcher.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
        }
    }

参考和更多的例子在

https://zgrepcode.com/examples/java/java/nio/file/filealreadyexistsexception-implementations

使用java.io.File:

File f = new File(filePathString);
if(f.exists() && !f.isDirectory()) { 
    // do something
}

You must use the file class , create a file instance with the path of the file you want to check if existent . After that you must make sure that it is a file and not a directory . Afterwards you can call exist method on that file object referancing your file . Be aware that , file class in java is not representing a file . It actually represents a directory path or a file path , and the abstract path it represents does not have to exist physically on your computer . It is just a representation , that`s why , you can enter a path of a file as an argument while creating file object , and then check if that folder in that path does really exist , with the exists() method .

如果使用spring框架，文件路径以classpath开头:

public static boolean fileExists(String sFileName) {
    if (sFileName.startsWith("classpath:")) {
        String path = sFileName.substring("classpath:".length());
        ClassLoader cl = ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader();
        URL url = cl != null ? cl.getResource(path) : ClassLoader.getSystemResource(path);
        return (url != null);
    } else {
        Path path = Paths.get(sFileName);
        return Files.exists(path);
    }
}

我建议使用isFile()而不是exists()。大多数情况下，您需要检查路径是否指向一个文件，而不仅仅是它是否存在。记住，如果您的路径指向一个目录，exists()将返回true。

new File("path/to/file.txt").isFile();

new File("C:/").exists()将返回true，但不允许您将其作为文件打开并从中读取。