我想将JSON数据转换为Python对象。
我从Facebook API收到JSON数据对象，我想将其存储在数据库中。
我的当前视图在Django (Python)(请求。POST包含JSON):
response = request.POST
user = FbApiUser(user_id = response['id'])
user.name = response['name']
user.username = response['username']
user.save()
这很好，但是如何处理复杂的JSON数据对象呢? 如果我能以某种方式将这个JSON对象转换为易于使用的Python对象，是不是会更好?
当前回答
如果你正在寻找将JSON或任何复杂字典的类型安全反序列化到python类中，我强烈推荐python 3.7+的pydantic。它不仅有一个简洁的API(不需要编写“helper”样板)，可以与Python数据类集成，而且具有复杂和嵌套数据结构的静态和运行时类型验证。
使用示例:
from pydantic import BaseModel
from datetime import datetime
class Item(BaseModel):
field1: str | int # union
field2: int | None = None # optional
field3: str = 'default' # default values
class User(BaseModel):
name: str | None = None
username: str
created: datetime # default type converters
items: list[Item] = [] # nested complex types
data = {
'name': 'Jane Doe',
'username': 'user1',
'created': '2020-12-31T23:59:00+10:00',
'items': [
{'field1': 1, 'field2': 2},
{'field1': 'b'},
{'field1': 'c', 'field3': 'override'}
]
}
user: User = User(**data)
要了解更多细节和特性，请查看文档中的pydantic的rational部分。
其他回答
我正在寻找一个与recordclass一起工作的解决方案。RecordClass，支持嵌套对象，可用于json序列化和json反序列化。
扩展DS的答案，扩展BeneStr的解决方案，我想出了以下似乎有效的方法:
代码:
import json
import recordclass
class NestedRec(recordclass.RecordClass):
a : int = 0
b : int = 0
class ExampleRec(recordclass.RecordClass):
x : int = None
y : int = None
nested : NestedRec = NestedRec()
class JsonSerializer:
@staticmethod
def dumps(obj, ensure_ascii=True, indent=None, sort_keys=False):
return json.dumps(obj, default=JsonSerializer.__obj_to_dict, ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii, indent=indent, sort_keys=sort_keys)
@staticmethod
def loads(s, klass):
return JsonSerializer.__dict_to_obj(klass, json.loads(s))
@staticmethod
def __obj_to_dict(obj):
if hasattr(obj, "_asdict"):
return obj._asdict()
else:
return json.JSONEncoder().default(obj)
@staticmethod
def __dict_to_obj(klass, s_dict):
kwargs = {
key : JsonSerializer.__dict_to_obj(cls, s_dict[key]) if hasattr(cls,'_asdict') else s_dict[key] \
for key,cls in klass.__annotations__.items() \
if s_dict is not None and key in s_dict
}
return klass(**kwargs)
用法:
example_0 = ExampleRec(x = 10, y = 20, nested = NestedRec( a = 30, b = 40 ) )
#Serialize to JSON
json_str = JsonSerializer.dumps(example_0)
print(json_str)
#{
# "x": 10,
# "y": 20,
# "nested": {
# "a": 30,
# "b": 40
# }
#}
# Deserialize from JSON
example_1 = JsonSerializer.loads(json_str, ExampleRec)
example_1.x += 1
example_1.y += 1
example_1.nested.a += 1
example_1.nested.b += 1
json_str = JsonSerializer.dumps(example_1)
print(json_str)
#{
# "x": 11,
# "y": 21,
# "nested": {
# "a": 31,
# "b": 41
# }
#}
使用json模块(Python 2.6新增)或几乎总是安装的simplejson模块。
在寻找解决方案时，我偶然发现了这个博客:https://blog.mosthege.net/2016/11/12/json-deserialization-of-nested-objects/
它使用与前面回答中相同的技术，但使用了装饰器。 我发现另一件有用的事情是，它在反序列化结束时返回一个类型化对象
class JsonConvert(object):
class_mappings = {}
@classmethod
def class_mapper(cls, d):
for keys, cls in clsself.mappings.items():
if keys.issuperset(d.keys()): # are all required arguments present?
return cls(**d)
else:
# Raise exception instead of silently returning None
raise ValueError('Unable to find a matching class for object: {!s}'.format(d))
@classmethod
def complex_handler(cls, Obj):
if hasattr(Obj, '__dict__'):
return Obj.__dict__
else:
raise TypeError('Object of type %s with value of %s is not JSON serializable' % (type(Obj), repr(Obj)))
@classmethod
def register(cls, claz):
clsself.mappings[frozenset(tuple([attr for attr,val in cls().__dict__.items()]))] = cls
return cls
@classmethod
def to_json(cls, obj):
return json.dumps(obj.__dict__, default=cls.complex_handler, indent=4)
@classmethod
def from_json(cls, json_str):
return json.loads(json_str, object_hook=cls.class_mapper)
用法:
@JsonConvert.register
class Employee(object):
def __init__(self, Name:int=None, Age:int=None):
self.Name = Name
self.Age = Age
return
@JsonConvert.register
class Company(object):
def __init__(self, Name:str="", Employees:[Employee]=None):
self.Name = Name
self.Employees = [] if Employees is None else Employees
return
company = Company("Contonso")
company.Employees.append(Employee("Werner", 38))
company.Employees.append(Employee("Mary"))
as_json = JsonConvert.to_json(company)
from_json = JsonConvert.from_json(as_json)
as_json_from_json = JsonConvert.to_json(from_json)
assert(as_json_from_json == as_json)
print(as_json_from_json)
这里给出的答案没有返回正确的对象类型，因此我在下面创建了这些方法。如果你试图向给定JSON中不存在的类中添加更多字段，它们也会失败:
def dict_to_class(class_name: Any, dictionary: dict) -> Any:
instance = class_name()
for key in dictionary.keys():
setattr(instance, key, dictionary[key])
return instance
def json_to_class(class_name: Any, json_string: str) -> Any:
dict_object = json.loads(json_string)
return dict_to_class(class_name, dict_object)
如果你正在寻找将JSON或任何复杂字典的类型安全反序列化到python类中，我强烈推荐python 3.7+的pydantic。它不仅有一个简洁的API(不需要编写“helper”样板)，可以与Python数据类集成，而且具有复杂和嵌套数据结构的静态和运行时类型验证。
使用示例:
from pydantic import BaseModel
from datetime import datetime
class Item(BaseModel):
field1: str | int # union
field2: int | None = None # optional
field3: str = 'default' # default values
class User(BaseModel):
name: str | None = None
username: str
created: datetime # default type converters
items: list[Item] = [] # nested complex types
data = {
'name': 'Jane Doe',
'username': 'user1',
'created': '2020-12-31T23:59:00+10:00',
'items': [
{'field1': 1, 'field2': 2},
{'field1': 'b'},
{'field1': 'c', 'field3': 'override'}
]
}
user: User = User(**data)
要了解更多细节和特性，请查看文档中的pydantic的rational部分。
