除此之外，我还要补充一件事，以及它不适合我的原因。

这与Napster的答案相似。

Make sure your fragment's hosting activity extends AppCompatActivity, not FragmentActivity! public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { } From the Google Reference Documentation for FragmentActivity: Note: If you want to implement an activity that includes an action bar, you should instead use the ActionBarActivity class, which is a subclass of this one, so allows you to use Fragment APIs on API level 7 and higher. To update Napster's answer -- ActionBarActivity now being deprecated, use AppCompatActivity instead. When using AppCompatActivity, also make sure you set "the activity theme toTheme.AppCompat or a similar theme" (Google Doc).

注意:android.support.v7.app。AppCompatActivity是android.support.v4.app的子类。FragmentActivity类(参见AppCompatActivity ref doc)。

在膨胀菜单之前，您需要使用menu.clear()。

@Override
    public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
        menu.clear();
        inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu, menu);
        super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu, inflater);
    }

and

@Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setHasOptionsMenu(true);
    }

这是我所做的隐藏和取消隐藏所有的菜单选项时，片段分别被加载和销毁。它避免了将R.id指向null的风险。Your_menu_item并允许我在其他地方重用这个片段。

lateinit var optionsMenu: Menu

override fun onCreateOptionsMenu(menu: Menu, inflater: MenuInflater) {
    menu.iterator().forEach {
        it.isVisible = false
    }
    optionsMenu = menu
    super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu, inflater)
}

override fun onDestroyView() {
    optionsMenu.iterator().forEach {
        it.isVisible = true
    }
    super.onDestroyView()
}

在菜单文件夹中创建一个.menu xml文件，并添加这个xml文件

<item
    android:id="@+id/action_search"
    android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_search"
    android:title="@string/action_search"
    app:actionViewClass="android.support.v7.widget.SearchView"
    app:showAsAction="always|collapseActionView" />

在您的片段类中重写此方法和

implement SearchView.OnQueryTextListener    in your fragment class



@Override
 public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) {    
  super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
  setHasOptionsMenu(true);

}

现在只需在fragment class中设置你的菜单xml文件

@Override
public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);

    final MenuItem item = menu.findItem(R.id.action_search);
    final SearchView searchView = (SearchView)    
    MenuItemCompat.getActionView(item);


    MenuItemCompat.setOnActionExpandListener(item,
            new MenuItemCompat.OnActionExpandListener() {
                @Override
                public boolean onMenuItemActionCollapse(MenuItem item) {
                    // Do something when collapsed

                    return true; // Return true to collapse action view
                }

                @Override
                public boolean onMenuItemActionExpand(MenuItem item) {
                    // Do something when expanded
                    return true; // Return true to expand action view
                }
            });

}

在创建片段视图后设置选项菜单对我来说效果很好。

@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
    setHasOptionsMenu(true);        
}

在我的例子中，下面是步骤。

步骤1

@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    // Here notify the fragment that it should participate in options menu handling.
    setHasOptionsMenu(true);
}

步骤2

@Override
public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
    // First clear current all the menu items
    menu.clear();

    // Add the new menu items
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.post_stuff, menu);

    super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu, inflater);
}

步骤3

 @Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    switch (item.getItemId()) {
        case R.id.post_stuff:
            Log.d(TAG, "Will post the photo to server");
            return true;
        case R.id.cancel_post:
            Log.d(TAG, "Will cancel post the photo");
            return true;
        default:
            break;
    }
    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}