首先，我创建了一个名为localStorage.ts(localStorage.js)的文件

class LocalStorageMock {
  store: Store;
  length: number;

  constructor() {
    this.store = {};
    this.length = 0;
  }

  key(n: number): any {
    if (typeof n === 'undefined') {
      throw new Error(
        "Uncaught TypeError: Failed to execute 'key' on 'Storage': 1 argument required, but only 0 present."
      );
    }

    if (n >= Object.keys(this.store).length) {
      return null;
    }

    return Object.keys(this.store)[n];
  }

  getItem(key: string): Store | null {
    if (!Object.keys(this.store).includes(key)) {
      return null;
    }

    return this.store[key];
  }

  setItem(key: string, value: any): undefined {
    if (typeof key === 'undefined' && typeof value === 'undefined') {
      throw new Error(
        "Uncaught TypeError: Failed to execute 'setItem' on 'Storage': 2 arguments required, but only 0 present."
      );
    }

    if (typeof value === 'undefined') {
      throw new Error(
        "Uncaught TypeError: Failed to execute 'setItem' on 'Storage': 2 arguments required, but only 1 present."
      );
    }

    if (!key) return undefined;

    this.store[key] = value.toString() || '';
    this.length = Object.keys(this.store).length;

    return undefined;
  }

  removeItem(key: string): undefined {
    if (typeof key === 'undefined') {
      throw new Error(
        "Uncaught TypeError: Failed to execute 'removeItem' on 'Storage': 1 argument required, but only 0 present."
      );
    }

    delete this.store[key];
    this.length = Object.keys(this.store).length;
    return undefined;
  }

  clear(): undefined {
    this.store = {};
    this.length = 0;

    return undefined;
  }
}

export const getLocalStorageMock = (): any => {
  return new LocalStorageMock();
};

global.localStorage = new LocalStorageMock();

然后创建名为session.test.ts的测试文件(session.test.js)

import { getLocalStorageMock } from '../localstorage';
describe('session storage', () => {
  let localStorage;
  beforeEach(() => {
    localStorage = getLocalStorageMock();
  });

  describe('getItem', () => {
    it('should return null if the item is undefined', () => {
      expect(localStorage.getItem('item')).toBeNull();
    });
    it("should return '' instead of null", () => {
      localStorage.setItem('item', '');
      expect(localStorage.getItem('item')).toBe('');
    });
    it('should return navid', () => {
      localStorage.setItem('item', 'navid');
      expect(localStorage.getItem('item')).toBe('navid');
    });

  });
});

如果使用create-react-app，文档中解释了一个更简单和直接的解决方案。

创建src/setupTests.js，并把这个放在里面:

const localStorageMock = {
  getItem: jest.fn(),
  setItem: jest.fn(),
  clear: jest.fn()
};
global.localStorage = localStorageMock;

Tom Mertz的评论如下:

然后，您可以通过执行以下操作来测试localStorageMock的函数是否被使用

expect(localStorage.getItem).toBeCalledWith('token')
// or
expect(localStorage.getItem.mock.calls.length).toBe(1)

在你的测试中，如果你想确保它被调用。查看https://facebook.github.io/jest/docs/en/mock-functions.html

@chiedo的好解决方案

然而，我们使用ES2015语法，我觉得这样写会更简洁一些。

class LocalStorageMock {
  constructor() {
    this.store = {};
  }

  clear() {
    this.store = {};
  }

  getItem(key) {
    return this.store[key] || null;
  }

  setItem(key, value) {
    this.store[key] = String(value);
  }

  removeItem(key) {
    delete this.store[key];
  }
}

global.localStorage = new LocalStorageMock;

2022年的更新。

Jest@24+具有自动模拟本地存储的能力。但是，默认情况下，它不再附带所需的依赖项。

npm 和 -D 是 environment-jsdom

你还需要改变你的笑话测试模式:

// jest.config.cjs
module.exports = {
  ...
  testEnvironment: "jsdom",
  ...
};

现在localStorage已经被模拟了。

例子:

// myStore.js
const saveLocally = (key, value) => {
  localStorage.setItem(key, value)
};

测试:

// myStore.spec.ts
import { saveLocally } from "./myStore.js"

it("saves key-value pair", () => {
  let key = "myKey";
  let value = "myValue";
  expect(localStorage.getItem(key)).toBe(null);
  saveLocally(key, value);
  expect(localStorage.getItem(key)).toBe(value);
};

我从github找到了这个解决方案

var localStorageMock = (function() {
  var store = {};

  return {
    getItem: function(key) {
        return store[key] || null;
    },
    setItem: function(key, value) {
        store[key] = value.toString();
    },
    clear: function() {
        store = {};
    }
  }; 
})();

Object.defineProperty(window, 'localStorage', {
 value: localStorageMock
});

您可以在setupTests中插入这段代码，它应该可以正常工作。

我在一个使用typesctipt的项目中测试了它。

这对我来说是可行的，只需要一行代码

const setItem = jest.spyOn(Object.getPrototypeOf(localStorage)， 'setItem');