Apache Commons允许：

String myString = IOUtils.toString(myInputStream, "UTF-8");

当然，您可以选择UTF-8以外的其他字符编码。

另请参阅：（文档）

一个很好的方法是使用Apache Commons IOUItils将InputStream复制到StringWriter中。。。类似于

StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
IOUtils.copy(inputStream, writer, encoding);
String theString = writer.toString();

甚至

// NB: does not close inputStream, you'll have to use try-with-resources for that
String theString = IOUtils.toString(inputStream, encoding);

或者，如果不想混合流和写入器，可以使用ByteArrayOutputStream。

考虑到文件，首先应该获得java.io.Reader实例。然后可以将其读取并添加到StringBuilder中（如果我们不在多个线程中访问StringBuffer，我们就不需要StringBuffer了，StringBuilder速度更快）。这里的技巧是我们在块中工作，因此不需要其他缓冲流。块大小被参数化以用于运行时性能优化。

public static String slurp(final InputStream is, final int bufferSize) {
    final char[] buffer = new char[bufferSize];
    final StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
    try (Reader in = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8")) {
        for (;;) {
            int rsz = in.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
            if (rsz < 0)
                break;
            out.append(buffer, 0, rsz);
        }
    }
    catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
        /* ... */
    }
    catch (IOException ex) {
        /* ... */
    }
    return out.toString();
}

此外，您还可以从指定的资源路径获取InputStream：

public static InputStream getResourceAsStream(String path)
{
    InputStream myiInputStream = ClassName.class.getResourceAsStream(path);
    if (null == myiInputStream)
    {
        mylogger.info("Can't find path = ", path);
    }

    return myiInputStream;
}

要从特定路径获取InputStream，请执行以下操作：

public static URL getResource(String path)
{
    URL myURL = ClassName.class.getResource(path);
    if (null == myURL)
    {
        mylogger.info("Can't find resource path = ", path);
    }
    return myURL;
}

将inputStream转换为字符串的方法

public static String getStringFromInputStream(InputStream inputStream) {

    BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
    String line;

    try {
        bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                inputStream));
        while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(line);
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        logger.error(e.getMessage());
    } finally {
        if (bufferedReader != null) {
            try {
                bufferedReader.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                logger.error(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
    return stringBuilder.toString();
}

String inputStreamToString(InputStream inputStream, Charset charset) throws IOException {
    try (
            final StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
            final InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, charset)
        ) {
        reader.transferTo(writer);
        return writer.toString();
    }
}

纯Java标准库解决方案-无库自Java 10以来-Reader#transferTo（Java.io.Writer）无环溶液无新行字符处理