如果你不希望null是一个允许的值，似乎会调用IllegalArgumentException，如果你试图使用一个结果为null的变量，则会抛出NullPointerException。

当试图访问具有当前值为null的引用变量的对象时，抛出NullPointerException。

当方法接收到格式与方法预期不同的参数时，抛出IllegalArgumentException。

给杰森·科恩的论点投了一票，因为它表现得很好。让我一步一步地分解它。: -)

The NPE JavaDoc explicitly says, "other illegal uses of the null object". If it was just limited to situations where the runtime encounters a null when it shouldn't, all such cases could be defined far more succinctly. Can't help it if you assume the wrong thing, but assuming encapsulation is applied properly, you really shouldn't care or notice whether a null was dereferenced inappropriately vs. whether a method detected an inappropriate null and fired an exception off. I'd choose NPE over IAE for multiple reasons It is more specific about the nature of the illegal operation Logic that mistakenly allows nulls tends to be very different from logic that mistakenly allows illegal values. For example, if I'm validating data entered by a user, if I get value that is unacceptable, the source of that error is with the end user of the application. If I get a null, that's programmer error. Invalid values can cause things like stack overflows, out of memory errors, parsing exceptions, etc. Indeed, most errors generally present, at some point, as an invalid value in some method call. For this reason I see IAE as actually the MOST GENERAL of all exceptions under RuntimeException. Actually, other invalid arguments can result in all kinds of other exceptions. UnknownHostException, FileNotFoundException, a variety of syntax error exceptions, IndexOutOfBoundsException, authentication failures, etc., etc.

总的来说，我觉得NPE受到了很大的诋毁，因为传统上一直与未能遵循快速失效原则的代码联系在一起。再加上JDK未能用消息字符串填充NPE，这确实产生了一种强烈的负面情绪，这种情绪是没有根据的。实际上，从运行时的角度来看，NPE和IAE之间的区别仅限于名称。从这个角度来看，你的名字越精确，你给调用者的信息就越清晰。

公认的做法是使用IllegalArgumentException(字符串消息)来声明一个参数是无效的，并给出尽可能多的细节…所以说，一个参数被发现是空的，而异常是非空的，你会这样做:

if( variable == null )
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("The object 'variable' cannot be null");

你几乎没有理由隐式地使用“NullPointerException”。NullPointerException是当您试图在空引用(如toString())上执行代码时由Java虚拟机抛出的异常。

根据您的场景，IllegalArgumentException是最好的选择，因为null不是属性的有效值。

我完全赞成为空参数抛出IllegalArgumentException，直到今天，当我注意到Java 7中的Java .util. objects . requirenonnull方法时。用这种方法，而不是做:

if (param == null) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("param cannot be null.");
}

你可以:

Objects.requireNonNull(param);

如果你传递给它的参数为空，它会抛出一个NullPointerException。

考虑到这个方法正好在java的中间。util我认为它的存在是一个非常强烈的迹象，抛出NullPointerException是“Java做事的方式”。

我想我已经决定了。

注意，关于硬调试的参数是虚假的，因为您当然可以向NullPointerException提供一条消息，说明什么是null，以及为什么它不应该是null。就像IllegalArgumentException。

One added advantage of NullPointerException is that, in highly performance critical code, you could dispense with an explicit check for null (and a NullPointerException with a friendly error message), and just rely on the NullPointerException you'll get automatically when you call a method on the null parameter. Provided you call a method quickly (i.e. fail fast), then you have essentially the same effect, just not quite as user friendly for the developer. Most times it's probably better to check explicitly and throw with a useful message to indicate which parameter was null, but it's nice to have the option of changing that if performance dictates without breaking the published contract of the method/constructor.