还有一个问题(我更喜欢Mark Longair的答案)

di = {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}
req = ['a','c','w']
dict([i for i in di.iteritems() if i[0] in di and i[0] in req])

好吧，这个问题已经困扰过我几次了，谢谢你的提问。

上面的答案似乎是一个很好的解决方案，但如果你在你的代码中使用它，我认为包装功能是有意义的。此外，这里有两个可能的用例:一个是关心是否所有关键字都在原始字典中。还有一个你不知道的地方。如果能对两者一视同仁就好了。

所以，为了我的二分之一的价值，我建议写一个字典的子类，例如。

class my_dict(dict):
    def subdict(self, keywords, fragile=False):
        d = {}
        for k in keywords:
            try:
                d[k] = self[k]
            except KeyError:
                if fragile:
                    raise
        return d

现在您可以使用orig_dict.subdict(关键字)提取子字典

使用例子:

#
## our keywords are letters of the alphabet
keywords = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
#
## our dictionary maps letters to their index
d = my_dict([(k,i) for i,k in enumerate(keywords)])
print('Original dictionary:\n%r\n\n' % (d,))
#
## constructing a sub-dictionary with good keywords
oddkeywords = keywords[::2]
subd = d.subdict(oddkeywords)
print('Dictionary from odd numbered keys:\n%r\n\n' % (subd,))
#
## constructing a sub-dictionary with mixture of good and bad keywords
somebadkeywords = keywords[1::2] + 'A'
try:
    subd2 = d.subdict(somebadkeywords)
    print("We shouldn't see this message")
except KeyError:
    print("subd2 construction fails:")
    print("\toriginal dictionary doesn't contain some keys\n\n")
#
## Trying again with fragile set to false
try:
    subd3 = d.subdict(somebadkeywords, fragile=False)
    print('Dictionary constructed using some bad keys:\n%r\n\n' % (subd3,))
except KeyError:
    print("We shouldn't see this message")

如果你运行上面所有的代码，你应该会看到(类似于)下面的输出(抱歉格式化):

Original dictionary: {'a': 0, 'c': 2, 'b': 1, 'e': 4, 'd': 3, 'g': 6, 'f': 5, 'i': 8, 'h': 7, 'k': 10, 'j': 9, 'm': 12, 'l': 11, 'o': 14, 'n': 13, 'q': 16, 'p': 15, 's': 18, 'r': 17, 'u': 20, 't': 19, 'w': 22, 'v': 21, 'y': 24, 'x': 23, 'z': 25} Dictionary from odd numbered keys: {'a': 0, 'c': 2, 'e': 4, 'g': 6, 'i': 8, 'k': 10, 'm': 12, 'o': 14, 'q': 16, 's': 18, 'u': 20, 'w': 22, 'y': 24} subd2 construction fails: original dictionary doesn't contain some keys Dictionary constructed using some bad keys: {'b': 1, 'd': 3, 'f': 5, 'h': 7, 'j': 9, 'l': 11, 'n': 13, 'p': 15, 'r': 17, 't': 19, 'v': 21, 'x': 23, 'z': 25}

interesting_keys = ('l', 'm', 'n')
subdict = {x: bigdict[x] for x in interesting_keys if x in bigdict}

如果有人想要字典的前几项n而不知道键:

n = 5 # First Five Items
ks = [*dikt.keys()][:n]
less_dikt = {i: dikt[i] for i in ks}

可能:

subdict=dict([(x,bigdict[x]) for x in ['l', 'm', 'n']])

Python 3甚至支持以下内容:

subdict={a:bigdict[a] for a in ['l','m','n']}

注意你可以在字典中检查是否存在，如下所示:

subdict=dict([(x,bigdict[x]) for x in ['l', 'm', 'n'] if x in bigdict])

分别地。对于python 3

subdict={a:bigdict[a] for a in ['l','m','n'] if a in bigdict}

你也可以使用map(这是一个非常有用的函数):

sd = dict(map(lambda k:(k, l.get(k, None))， l)))

例子:

large_dictionary = {'a1':123, 'a2':45, 'a3':344}
list_of_keys = ['a1', 'a3']
small_dictionary = dict(map(lambda key: (key, large_dictionary.get(key, None)), list_of_keys))

PS:我借用了.get(键，None)从以前的答案:)