至少要短一点:

wanted_keys = ['l', 'm', 'n'] # The keys you want
dict((k, bigdict[k]) for k in wanted_keys if k in bigdict)

解决方案

from operator import itemgetter
from typing import List, Dict, Union


def subdict(d: Union[Dict, List], columns: List[str]) -> Union[Dict, List[Dict]]:
    """Return a dict or list of dicts with subset of 
    columns from the d argument.
    """
    getter = itemgetter(*columns)

    if isinstance(d, list):
        result = []
        for subset in map(getter, d):
            record = dict(zip(columns, subset))
            result.append(record)
        return result
    elif isinstance(d, dict):
        return dict(zip(columns, getter(d)))

    raise ValueError('Unsupported type for `d`')

使用实例

# pure dict

d = dict(a=1, b=2, c=3)
print(subdict(d, ['a', 'c']))

>>> In [5]: {'a': 1, 'c': 3}

# list of dicts

d = [
    dict(a=1, b=2, c=3),
    dict(a=2, b=4, c=6),
    dict(a=4, b=8, c=12),
]

print(subdict(d, ['a', 'c']))

>>> In [5]: [{'a': 1, 'c': 3}, {'a': 2, 'c': 6}, {'a': 4, 'c': 12}]

如果有人想要字典的前几项n而不知道键:

n = 5 # First Five Items
ks = [*dikt.keys()][:n]
less_dikt = {i: dikt[i] for i in ks}

你可以试试:

dict((k, bigdict[k]) for k in ('l', 'm', 'n'))

．.． 或Python 3 Python 2.7或更高版本(感谢Fábio Diniz指出它在2.7中也适用):

{k: bigdict[k] for k in ('l', 'm', 'n')}

更新:正如Håvard S指出的那样，我假设你知道键将在字典中-如果你不能做出这样的假设，请参阅他的答案。或者，正如timbo在评论中指出的那样，如果你想要bigdict中缺少的键映射到None，你可以这样做:

{k: bigdict.get(k, None) for k in ('l', 'm', 'n')}

如果你正在使用python3，并且你只想要新字典中的键实际上存在于原始字典中，你可以使用fact来查看对象，实现一些set操作:

{k: bigdict[k] for k in bigdict.keys() & {'l', 'm', 'n'}}

如果你想保留大部分键，同时删除一些键，另一种方法是:

{k: bigdict[k] for k in bigdict.keys() if k not in ['l', 'm', 'n']}

至少要短一点:

wanted_keys = ['l', 'm', 'n'] # The keys you want
dict((k, bigdict[k]) for k in wanted_keys if k in bigdict)