对于正整数，可以使用.isdigit:

>>> '16'.isdigit()
True

但它对负整数不起作用。假设您可以尝试以下方法:

>>> s = '-17'
>>> s.startswith('-') and s[1:].isdigit()
True

它不适用于'16.0'格式，在这个意义上，'16.0'格式类似于int类型强制转换。

编辑:

def check_int(s):
    if s[0] in ('-', '+'):
        return s[1:].isdigit()
    return s.isdigit()

对于正整数，可以使用.isdigit:

>>> '16'.isdigit()
True

但它对负整数不起作用。假设您可以尝试以下方法:

>>> s = '-17'
>>> s.startswith('-') and s[1:].isdigit()
True

它不适用于'16.0'格式，在这个意义上，'16.0'格式类似于int类型强制转换。

编辑:

def check_int(s):
    if s[0] in ('-', '+'):
        return s[1:].isdigit()
    return s.isdigit()

正确的RegEx解决方案应该结合Greg Hewgill和Nowell的思想，但不使用全局变量。可以通过将属性附加到方法来实现这一点。另外，我知道在方法中导入是不受欢迎的，但我想要的是像http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/Importing#lazy-imports这样的“惰性模块”效果

edit:到目前为止，我最喜欢的技术是使用String对象的独占方法。

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Uses exclusively methods of the String object
def isInteger(i):
    i = str(i)
    return i=='0' or (i if i.find('..') > -1 else i.lstrip('-+').rstrip('0').rstrip('.')).isdigit()

# Uses re module for regex
def isIntegre(i):
    import re
    if not hasattr(isIntegre, '_re'):
        print("I compile only once. Remove this line when you are confident in that.")
        isIntegre._re = re.compile(r"[-+]?\d+(\.0*)?$")
    return isIntegre._re.match(str(i)) is not None

# When executed directly run Unit Tests
if __name__ == '__main__':
    for obj in [
                # integers
                0, 1, -1, 1.0, -1.0,
                '0', '0.','0.0', '1', '-1', '+1', '1.0', '-1.0', '+1.0',
                # non-integers
                1.1, -1.1, '1.1', '-1.1', '+1.1',
                '1.1.1', '1.1.0', '1.0.1', '1.0.0',
                '1.0.', '1..0', '1..',
                '0.0.', '0..0', '0..',
                'one', object(), (1,2,3), [1,2,3], {'one':'two'}
            ]:
        # Notice the integre uses 're' (intended to be humorous)
        integer = ('an integer' if isInteger(obj) else 'NOT an integer')
        integre = ('an integre' if isIntegre(obj) else 'NOT an integre')
        # Make strings look like strings in the output
        if isinstance(obj, str):
            obj = ("'%s'" % (obj,))
        print("%30s is %14s is %14s" % (obj, integer, integre))

对于那些不太喜欢冒险的同学，输出如下:

I compile only once. Remove this line when you are confident in that.
                             0 is     an integer is     an integre
                             1 is     an integer is     an integre
                            -1 is     an integer is     an integre
                           1.0 is     an integer is     an integre
                          -1.0 is     an integer is     an integre
                           '0' is     an integer is     an integre
                          '0.' is     an integer is     an integre
                         '0.0' is     an integer is     an integre
                           '1' is     an integer is     an integre
                          '-1' is     an integer is     an integre
                          '+1' is     an integer is     an integre
                         '1.0' is     an integer is     an integre
                        '-1.0' is     an integer is     an integre
                        '+1.0' is     an integer is     an integre
                           1.1 is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                          -1.1 is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                         '1.1' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                        '-1.1' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                        '+1.1' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                       '1.1.1' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                       '1.1.0' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                       '1.0.1' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                       '1.0.0' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                        '1.0.' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                        '1..0' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                         '1..' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                        '0.0.' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                        '0..0' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                         '0..' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                         'one' is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
<object object at 0x103b7d0a0> is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                     (1, 2, 3) is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                     [1, 2, 3] is NOT an integer is NOT an integre
                {'one': 'two'} is NOT an integer is NOT an integre

据我所知，你想检查字符串可转换的int。要做到这一点你可以:

将'-'替换为空，因为'-'不是数字和'-7'也可以转换为int。 检查一下是不是数字。

def is_string_convertable_to_int(value: str) -> bool:
    return value.replace('-', '').isdigit()

另外，你可以很容易地修改这个def来检查字符串在float中的可转换性，只需添加replace('。'， ")，并检查一个'。'使用value.count('.') = 1存在。

我认为

s.startswith('-') and s[1:].isdigit()

最好重写为:

s.replace('-', '').isdigit()

因为s[1:]也创建了一个新的字符串

但更好的解决办法是

s.lstrip('+-').isdigit()

我猜这个问题与速度有关，因为try/except有一个时间惩罚:

测试数据

首先，我创建了一个包含200个字符串、100个失败字符串和100个数字字符串的列表。

from random import shuffle
numbers = [u'+1'] * 100
nonumbers = [u'1abc'] * 100
testlist = numbers + nonumbers
shuffle(testlist)
testlist = np.array(testlist)

numpy解决方案(仅适用于数组和unicode)

Np.core.defchararray.isnumeric也可以用于unicode字符串，但它返回一个数组。所以，如果你必须做成千上万的转换，并且有丢失的数据或非数值数据，这是一个很好的解决方案。

import numpy as np
%timeit np.core.defchararray.isnumeric(testlist)
10000 loops, best of 3: 27.9 µs per loop # 200 numbers per loop

试/除了

def check_num(s):
  try:
    int(s)
    return True
  except:
    return False

def check_list(l):
  return [check_num(e) for e in l]

%timeit check_list(testlist)
1000 loops, best of 3: 217 µs per loop # 200 numbers per loop

numpy解决方案似乎更快。