在SQL Server 2008中，您可以使用MERGE语句

如果你想一次UPSERT多个记录，你可以使用ANSI SQL:2003 DML语句MERGE。

MERGE INTO table_name WITH (HOLDLOCK) USING table_name ON (condition)
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET column1 = value1 [, column2 = value2 ...]
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (column1 [, column2 ...]) VALUES (value1 [, value2 ...])

查看在SQL Server 2005中模拟MERGE语句。

Before everyone jumps to HOLDLOCK-s out of fear from these nafarious users running your sprocs directly :-) let me point out that you have to guarantee uniqueness of new PK-s by design (identity keys, sequence generators in Oracle, unique indexes for external ID-s, queries covered by indexes). That's the alpha and omega of the issue. If you don't have that, no HOLDLOCK-s of the universe are going to save you and if you do have that then you don't need anything beyond UPDLOCK on the first select (or to use update first).

scproc通常在非常受控的条件下运行，并假设有可信的调用者(中间层)。这意味着如果一个简单的upsert模式(更新+插入或合并)看到重复的PK，这意味着在中间层或表设计中存在错误，SQL将在这种情况下调用错误并拒绝记录。在这种情况下，放置HOLDLOCK除了降低性能外，还等于吃掉异常并接收潜在的错误数据。

话虽如此，使用MERGE或UPDATE然后INSERT在您的服务器上更容易，而且更容易出错，因为您不必记得在第一次选择时添加(UPDLOCK)。此外，如果您正在小批量地进行插入/更新，则需要了解数据，以便决定某个事务是否合适。如果它只是一个不相关记录的集合，那么额外的“包络”交易将是有害的。

做一个UPSERT:

UPDATE MyTable SET FieldA=@FieldA WHERE Key=@Key

IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
   INSERT INTO MyTable (FieldA) VALUES (@FieldA)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upsert

如果执行UPDATE If -no-rows-updated then INSERT路由，考虑先执行INSERT以防止竞争条件(假设没有插入DELETE)

INSERT INTO MyTable (Key, FieldA)
   SELECT @Key, @FieldA
   WHERE NOT EXISTS
   (
       SELECT *
       FROM  MyTable
       WHERE Key = @Key
   )
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
   UPDATE MyTable
   SET FieldA=@FieldA
   WHERE Key=@Key
   IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
   ... record was deleted, consider looping to re-run the INSERT, or RAISERROR ...
END

除了避免竞争条件之外，如果在大多数情况下记录已经存在，那么这将导致INSERT失败，浪费CPU。

在SQL2008以后使用MERGE可能更可取。

/*
CREATE TABLE ApplicationsDesSocietes (
   id                   INT IDENTITY(0,1)    NOT NULL,
   applicationId        INT                  NOT NULL,
   societeId            INT                  NOT NULL,
   suppression          BIT                  NULL,
   CONSTRAINT PK_APPLICATIONSDESSOCIETES PRIMARY KEY (id)
)
GO
--*/

DECLARE @applicationId INT = 81, @societeId INT = 43, @suppression BIT = 0

MERGE dbo.ApplicationsDesSocietes WITH (HOLDLOCK) AS target
--set the SOURCE table one row
USING (VALUES (@applicationId, @societeId, @suppression))
    AS source (applicationId, societeId, suppression)
    --here goes the ON join condition
    ON target.applicationId = source.applicationId and target.societeId = source.societeId
WHEN MATCHED THEN
    UPDATE
    --place your list of SET here
    SET target.suppression = source.suppression
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
    --insert a new line with the SOURCE table one row
    INSERT (applicationId, societeId, suppression)
    VALUES (source.applicationId, source.societeId, source.suppression);
GO

用您需要的任何东西替换表和字段名。 注意使用状态。 然后在DECLARE行中为变量设置适当的值(和类型)。

欢呼。