在oracle SQL中，你可以这样做:

SELECT
    DATA_TYPE
FROM
    all_tab_columns 
WHERE
    table_name = 'TABLE NAME' -- in uppercase
AND column_name = 'COLUMN NAME' -- in uppercase

如果有人觉得这个有用的话。在SQL Server中:

      sp_columns 'yourtablename'

这将给出所有列的详细信息。它提供了column_name、data_type、type_name、precision、length、iss_nullable等。

在TSQL/MSSQL中，它看起来像:

SELECT t.name, c.name 
FROM sys.tables t 
JOIN sys.columns c ON t.object_id = c.object_id
JOIN sys.types y ON y.user_type_id = c.user_type_id
WHERE t.name = ''

要检索实际声明的数据类型，例如在动态SQL To ALTER COLUMNs中使用，可以使用这样的方法:

SELECT
    TABLE_NAME, 
    COLUMN_NAME,
    DATA_TYPE
        + CASE WHEN DATA_TYPE IN ('char','nchar','varchar','nvarchar','binary','varbinary')
                    AND CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH > 0 THEN
                 COALESCE('('+CONVERT(varchar,CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH)+')','')
            ELSE '' END
        + CASE WHEN DATA_TYPE IN ('decimal','numeric') THEN
                COALESCE('('+CONVERT(varchar,NUMERIC_PRECISION)+','+CONVERT(varchar,NUMERIC_SCALE)+')','')
            ELSE '' END
        AS Declaration_Type,
    CASE WHEN IS_NULLABLE='NO' THEN 'NOT ' ELSE '' END + 'NULL' AS Nullable
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
ORDER BY 1,2

使用此查询获取Schema, Table, Column,Type, max_length, is_nullable

SELECT QUOTENAME(SCHEMA_NAME(tb.[schema_id])) AS 'Schema'
    ,QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(tb.[OBJECT_ID])) AS 'Table'
    ,C.NAME as 'Column'
    ,T.name AS 'Type'
    ,C.max_length
    ,C.is_nullable
FROM SYS.COLUMNS C INNER JOIN SYS.TABLES tb ON tb.[object_id] = C.[object_id]
    INNER JOIN SYS.TYPES T ON C.system_type_id = T.user_type_id
WHERE tb.[is_ms_shipped] = 0
ORDER BY tb.[Name]

在TSQL中最简单的方法是:

SELECT COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'yourTableName'