抱歉，我可能把它理解得太简单了，但这不是可以工作的吗?(我的机器上的1E6值在1.3秒内):

t0 <- Sys.time()
summary(as.factor(round(rnorm(1e6), 2)))[1]
Sys.time()-t0

你只需要用你的向量替换“round(rnorm(1e6)，2)”。

有一个包谦和提供单变量单模态(有时是多模态)数据的模态估计和通常概率分布的模态值。

mySamples <- c(19, 4, 5, 7, 29, 19, 29, 13, 25, 19)

library(modeest)
mlv(mySamples, method = "mfv")

Mode (most likely value): 19 
Bickel's modal skewness: -0.1 
Call: mlv.default(x = mySamples, method = "mfv")

欲了解更多信息，请参阅本页

你也可以在CRAN任务视图:概率分布中寻找“模式估计”。已经提出了两个新的一揽子计划。

这建立在jprockbelly的答案上，通过对非常短的向量增加速度。这在将mode应用到data.frame或包含很多小组的数据表时非常有用:

Mode <- function(x) {
   if ( length(x) <= 2 ) return(x[1])
   if ( anyNA(x) ) x = x[!is.na(x)]
   ux <- unique(x)
   ux[which.max(tabulate(match(x, ux)))]
}

下面的函数有三种形式:

method = "mode"[默认值]:计算单模态向量的模式，否则返回NA Method = "nmodes":计算vector中模式的个数 Method = "modes":列出单模态或多模态向量的所有模态

modeav <- function (x, method = "mode", na.rm = FALSE)
{
  x <- unlist(x)
  if (na.rm)
    x <- x[!is.na(x)]
  u <- unique(x)
  n <- length(u)
  #get frequencies of each of the unique values in the vector
  frequencies <- rep(0, n)
  for (i in seq_len(n)) {
    if (is.na(u[i])) {
      frequencies[i] <- sum(is.na(x))
    }
    else {
      frequencies[i] <- sum(x == u[i], na.rm = TRUE)
    }
  }
  #mode if a unimodal vector, else NA
  if (method == "mode" | is.na(method) | method == "")
  {return(ifelse(length(frequencies[frequencies==max(frequencies)])>1,NA,u[which.max(frequencies)]))}
  #number of modes
  if(method == "nmode" | method == "nmodes")
  {return(length(frequencies[frequencies==max(frequencies)]))}
  #list of all modes
  if (method == "modes" | method == "modevalues")
  {return(u[which(frequencies==max(frequencies), arr.ind = FALSE, useNames = FALSE)])}  
  #error trap the method
  warning("Warning: method not recognised.  Valid methods are 'mode' [default], 'nmodes' and 'modes'")
  return()
}

计算包含离散值的向量“v”的MODE的一个简单方法是:

names(sort(table(v)))[length(sort(table(v)))]

我发现Ken Williams上面的帖子很棒，我添加了几行来解释NA值，并使其成为一个函数。

Mode <- function(x, na.rm = FALSE) {
  if(na.rm){
    x = x[!is.na(x)]
  }

  ux <- unique(x)
  return(ux[which.max(tabulate(match(x, ux)))])
}