下面的函数有三种形式:

method = "mode"[默认值]:计算单模态向量的模式，否则返回NA Method = "nmodes":计算vector中模式的个数 Method = "modes":列出单模态或多模态向量的所有模态

modeav <- function (x, method = "mode", na.rm = FALSE)
{
  x <- unlist(x)
  if (na.rm)
    x <- x[!is.na(x)]
  u <- unique(x)
  n <- length(u)
  #get frequencies of each of the unique values in the vector
  frequencies <- rep(0, n)
  for (i in seq_len(n)) {
    if (is.na(u[i])) {
      frequencies[i] <- sum(is.na(x))
    }
    else {
      frequencies[i] <- sum(x == u[i], na.rm = TRUE)
    }
  }
  #mode if a unimodal vector, else NA
  if (method == "mode" | is.na(method) | method == "")
  {return(ifelse(length(frequencies[frequencies==max(frequencies)])>1,NA,u[which.max(frequencies)]))}
  #number of modes
  if(method == "nmode" | method == "nmodes")
  {return(length(frequencies[frequencies==max(frequencies)]))}
  #list of all modes
  if (method == "modes" | method == "modevalues")
  {return(u[which(frequencies==max(frequencies), arr.ind = FALSE, useNames = FALSE)])}  
  #error trap the method
  warning("Warning: method not recognised.  Valid methods are 'mode' [default], 'nmodes' and 'modes'")
  return()
}

R有如此多的附加包，其中一些可以很好地提供数字列表/系列/向量的[统计]模式。

然而，R的标准库本身似乎没有这样一个内置的方法!解决这个问题的一种方法是使用一些像下面这样的结构(如果你经常使用…则将其转换为函数):

mySamples <- c(19, 4, 5, 7, 29, 19, 29, 13, 25, 19)
tabSmpl<-tabulate(mySamples)
SmplMode<-which(tabSmpl== max(tabSmpl))
if(sum(tabSmpl == max(tabSmpl))>1) SmplMode<-NA
> SmplMode
[1] 19

对于更大的示例列表，应该考虑使用一个临时变量max(tabSmpl)值(我不知道R会自动优化这个)

参考:参见KickStarting R课程中的“How about median and mode? 这似乎证实了(至少在写这节课的时候)R中没有模态函数(嗯…你会发现Mode()用于断言变量的类型)。

我浏览了所有这些选项，开始想知道它们的相对特性和性能，所以我做了一些测试。如果其他人也好奇，我在这里分享我的结果。

我不想为这里发布的所有函数而烦恼，我选择了一个基于一些标准的示例:函数应该对字符、因子、逻辑和数字向量都有效，它应该适当地处理na和其他有问题的值，输出应该是“合理的”，即没有数字作为字符或其他类似的愚蠢行为。

我还添加了一个我自己的函数，它是基于与chrispy相同的想法，除了适应更一般的用途:

library(magrittr)

Aksel <- function(x, freq=FALSE) {
    z <- 2
    if (freq) z <- 1:2
    run <- x %>% as.vector %>% sort %>% rle %>% unclass %>% data.frame
    colnames(run) <- c("freq", "value")
    run[which(run$freq==max(run$freq)), z] %>% as.vector   
}

set.seed(2)

F <- sample(c("yes", "no", "maybe", NA), 10, replace=TRUE) %>% factor
Aksel(F)

# [1] maybe yes  

C <- sample(c("Steve", "Jane", "Jonas", "Petra"), 20, replace=TRUE)
Aksel(C, freq=TRUE)

# freq value
#    7 Steve

最后，我通过微基准测试在两组测试数据上运行了五个函数。函数名指的是它们各自的作者:

Chris的函数被设置为method="modes"和na。rm=TRUE默认值，以使其更具可比性，但除此之外，这里使用的函数是由它们的作者提供的。

In matter of speed alone Kens version wins handily, but it is also the only one of these that will only report one mode, no matter how many there really are. As is often the case, there's a trade-off between speed and versatility. In method="mode", Chris' version will return a value iff there is one mode, else NA. I think that's a nice touch. I also think it's interesting how some of the functions are affected by an increased number of unique values, while others aren't nearly as much. I haven't studied the code in detail to figure out why that is, apart from eliminating logical/numeric as a the cause.

另一个简单的选项是使用rle来给出所有按频率排序的值:

df = as.data.frame(unclass(rle(sort(mySamples))))
df = df[order(-df$lengths),]
head(df)

为了生成模式，我写了下面的代码。

MODE <- function(dataframe){
    DF <- as.data.frame(dataframe)

    MODE2 <- function(x){      
        if (is.numeric(x) == FALSE){
            df <- as.data.frame(table(x))  
            df <- df[order(df$Freq), ]         
            m <- max(df$Freq)        
            MODE1 <- as.vector(as.character(subset(df, Freq == m)[, 1]))

            if (sum(df$Freq)/length(df$Freq)==1){
                warning("No Mode: Frequency of all values is 1", call. = FALSE)
            }else{
                return(MODE1)
            }

        }else{ 
            df <- as.data.frame(table(x))  
            df <- df[order(df$Freq), ]         
            m <- max(df$Freq)        
            MODE1 <- as.vector(as.numeric(as.character(subset(df, Freq == m)[, 1])))

            if (sum(df$Freq)/length(df$Freq)==1){
                warning("No Mode: Frequency of all values is 1", call. = FALSE)
            }else{
                return(MODE1)
            }
        }
    }

    return(as.vector(lapply(DF, MODE2)))
}

让我们试试吧:

MODE(mtcars)
MODE(CO2)
MODE(ToothGrowth)
MODE(InsectSprays)

抱歉，我可能把它理解得太简单了，但这不是可以工作的吗?(我的机器上的1E6值在1.3秒内):

t0 <- Sys.time()
summary(as.factor(round(rnorm(1e6), 2)))[1]
Sys.time()-t0

你只需要用你的向量替换“round(rnorm(1e6)，2)”。