更新(2017-08-04)

从macOS 10.12.6 (Sierra)开始，这个方法似乎已经停止在Apache httpd上工作(对于系统和launchctl配置的用户选项)。其他项目似乎没有受到影响。可以想象，这是httpd中的一个bug。

原来的答案

这涉及到OS X 10.10+(特别是10.11+由于无根模式，其中/usr/bin不再可写)。

我在很多地方读到过，使用launchctl setenv PATH <new PATH >来设置PATH变量由于OS X中的一个错误而不起作用(从个人经验来看似乎是正确的)。我发现还有另一种方法可以为非shell启动的应用程序设置PATH:

sudo launchctl config user path <new path>

这个选项记录在launchctl手册页中:

config system | user parameter value Sets persistent configuration information for launchd(8) domains. Only the system domain and user domains may be configured. The location of the persistent storage is an implementation detail, and changes to that storage should only be made through this subcommand. A reboot is required for changes made through this subcommand to take effect. [...] path Sets the PATH environment variable for all services within the target domain to the string value. The string value should conform to the format outlined for the PATH environment variable in environ(7). Note that if a service specifies its own PATH, the service-specific environment variable will take precedence. NOTE: This facility cannot be used to set general environment variables for all services within the domain. It is intentionally scoped to the PATH environment vari- able and nothing else for security reasons.

我已经确认这与从Finder(使用getenv获取PATH)开始的GUI应用程序一起工作。 请注意，您只需要这样做一次，并且更改将在重新启动时保持不变。

对于单个用户修改，使用~/。你列出的人的简介。下面的链接解释了Bash何时读取不同的文件。

http://telin.ugent.be/~slippens/drupal/bashrc_and_others

如果你想为gui应用程序设置环境变量，你需要~/. macosx /environment。plist文件

就像Matt Curtis给出的答案一样，我通过launchctl设置环境变量，但我将它包装在一个名为export的函数中，因此每当我像在.bash_profile中一样导出一个变量时，它也由launchctl设置。我是这样做的:

My .bash_profile consists solely of one line, (This is just personal preference.) source .bashrc My .bashrc has this: function export() { builtin export "$@" if [[ ${#@} -eq 1 && "${@//[^=]/}" ]] then launchctl setenv "${@%%=*}" "${@#*=}" elif [[ ! "${@//[^ ]/}" ]] then launchctl setenv "${@}" "${!@}" fi } export -f export The above will overload the Bash builtin "export" and will export everything normally (you'll notice I export "export" with it!), then properly set them for OS X app environments via launchctl, whether you use any of the following: export LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 # ~$ launchctl getenv LC_CTYPE # en_US.UTF-8 PATH="/usr/local/bin:${PATH}" PATH="/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:${PATH}" export PATH # ~$ launchctl getenv PATH # /usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin export CXX_FLAGS="-mmacosx-version-min=10.9" # ~$ launchctl getenv CXX_FLAGS # -mmacosx-version-min=10.9 This way I don't have to send every variable to launchctl every time, and I can just have my .bash_profile / .bashrc set up the way I want. Open a terminal window, check out your environment variables you're interested in with launchctl getenv myVar, change something in your .bash_profile/.bashrc, close the terminal window and re-open it, check the variable again with launchctl, and voilá, it's changed. Again, like the other solutions for the post-Mountain Lion world, for any new environment variables to be available for apps, you need to launch or re-launch them after the change.

2月2022日(MacOs 12+)

这里的解决方案应该在重新启动或应用程序重新启动后工作。

CLI

打开所选配置文件的CLI。

为bash打开~/.bash_profile 为zsh打开~/.zshrc

添加(或替换)

export varName=varValue 

(如果varValue中有空格-将其包装成")

确保重新启动命令行应用程序。

GUI

完成CLI步骤。 确保GUI应用程序关闭。 从命令行打开GUI应用程序。例如:

open /Applications/Sourcetree.app

(你也可以在.zshrc文件中使用这个命令的别名)

原则

Mac没有为所有上下文设置环境变量的配置选项。 避免更改用户配置文件之外的任何内容。

已经不管用了

(MacOS 12.1+) 编辑/etc/launchd.conf 带有plist后缀的XML文件

要简洁明了地说明每个文件的用途

~ /。概要文件是每次终端源。App上线 ~ /。bashrc是“传统上”设置Bash环境的所有导出语句的地方 /etc/paths是Mac OS中的主文件，包含为所有用户构建PATH环境变量的默认路径列表 /etc/paths.D /包含包含其他搜索路径的文件

非终端程序不继承您的终端所继承的系统范围的PATH和MANPATH变量!要为特定用户启动的所有进程设置环境，从而使MacOSX GUI应用程序可以使用环境变量，这些变量必须在~/. macosx /environment中定义。plist (Apple Technical Q&A QA1067)

使用以下命令行同步您的环境。Plist /etc/paths:

defaults write $HOME/.MacOSX/environment PATH "$(tr '\n' ':' </etc/paths)"

另一个免费、开源的Mac OS X v10.8 (Mountain Lion)首选项窗格/环境。plist解决方案是EnvPane。

EnvPane的源代码可在GitHub。EnvPane看起来具有与rcenvirenvironment相当的功能，然而，它似乎可以立即更新其存储的变量，即不需要重新启动或登录，这是受欢迎的。

如开发商所述:

EnvPane is a preference pane for Mac OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion) that lets you set environment variables for all programs in both graphical and terminal sessions. Not only does it restore support for ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist in Mountain Lion, it also publishes your changes to the environment immediately, without the need to log out and back in. <SNIP> EnvPane includes (and automatically installs) a launchd agent that runs 1) early after login and 2) whenever the ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist changes. The agent reads ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist and exports the environment variables from that file to the current user's launchd instance via the same API that is used by launchctl setenv and launchctl unsetenv.

免责声明:我与开发者或他/她的项目没有任何关系。

附注:我喜欢这个名字(听起来像“Ends Pain”)。