另一个免费、开源的Mac OS X v10.8 (Mountain Lion)首选项窗格/环境。plist解决方案是EnvPane。

EnvPane的源代码可在GitHub。EnvPane看起来具有与rcenvirenvironment相当的功能，然而，它似乎可以立即更新其存储的变量，即不需要重新启动或登录，这是受欢迎的。

如开发商所述:

EnvPane is a preference pane for Mac OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion) that lets you set environment variables for all programs in both graphical and terminal sessions. Not only does it restore support for ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist in Mountain Lion, it also publishes your changes to the environment immediately, without the need to log out and back in. <SNIP> EnvPane includes (and automatically installs) a launchd agent that runs 1) early after login and 2) whenever the ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist changes. The agent reads ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist and exports the environment variables from that file to the current user's launchd instance via the same API that is used by launchctl setenv and launchctl unsetenv.

免责声明:我与开发者或他/她的项目没有任何关系。

附注:我喜欢这个名字(听起来像“Ends Pain”)。

虽然这里的答案并不是“错误的”，但我还要补充一点:永远不要在OS X中改变影响“所有进程”的环境变量，甚至在shell之外，也不要影响给定用户交互运行的所有进程。

In my experience, global changes to environment variables like PATH for all processes are even more likely to break things on OS X than on Windows. Reason being, lots of OS X applications and other software (including, perhaps especially, components of the OS itself) rely on UNIX command-line tools under the hood, and assume the behavior of the versions of these tools provided with the system, and don't necessarily use absolute paths when doing so (similar comments apply to dynamically-loaded libraries and DYLD_* environment variables). Consider, for instance, that the highest-rated answers to various Stack Overflow questions about replacing OS X-supplied versions of interpreters like Python and Ruby generally say "don't do this."

OS X is really no different than other UNIX-like operating systems (e.g., Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris) in this respect; the most likely reason Apple doesn't provide an easy way to do this is because it breaks things. To the extent Windows isn't as prone to these problems, it's due to two things: (1) Windows software doesn't tend to rely on command-line tools to the extent that UNIX software does, and (2) Microsoft has had such an extensive history of both "DLL hell" and security problems caused by changes that affect all processes that they've changed the behavior of dynamic loading in newer Windows versions to limit the impact of "global" configuration options like PATH.

不管“蹩脚”与否，如果您将这些更改限制在较小的范围内，您将拥有一个更加稳定的系统。

不要期望~/.launchd.conf能够工作

launchctl的手册页说它从来没有工作过:

已弃用和删除的功能 Launchctl不再具有交互模式，也不再接受来自stdin的命令。/etc/launchd.conf文件不再用于在早期启动时运行子命令;出于安全考虑，该功能已被删除。虽然有文档表明在设置用户会话之前会查询$HOME/.launchd.conf，但这个功能从未实现过。

如何为Spotlight启动的新进程设置环境(不需要重新启动)

您可以使用launchctl setenv设置launchd(以及从Spotlight开始的任何东西)所使用的环境。例如，设置路径:

launchctl setenv PATH /opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

或者如果你想在。bashrc或类似文件中设置你的路径，那么在launchd中镜像它:

PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
launchctl setenv PATH $PATH

没有必要重新启动，但如果你想让应用程序接受改变的环境，就需要重新启动应用程序。

这包括已经在终端下运行的任何shell。如果你在那里，你可以更直接地设置环境，例如export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:$PATH for bash或zsh。

重启后如何保持更改

新方法(自10.10 Yosemite起)

使用launchctl config用户路径/bin:/usr/bin:/mystuff。更多信息请参见man launchctl。

以前的方法

这个答案顶部的launchctl手册页引用说，出于安全原因，这里描述的特性(在引导时读取/etc/launchd.conf)被删除了，因此ymmv. conf。

为了在重启后保持更改，你可以在/etc/launchd.conf中设置环境变量，如下所示:

setenv PATH /opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

重启时自动执行Launchd.conf。

如果你想让这些改变现在生效，你应该使用这个命令重新处理launchd.conf(感谢@mklement的提示!)

egrep -v '^\s*#' /etc/launchd.conf | launchctl

你可以通过命令man launchctl找到更多关于launchctl以及它如何加载launchd.conf的信息。

布鲁诺正在正确的轨道上。我已经做了大量的研究，如果你想设置在所有GUI应用程序中可用的变量，你唯一的选择是/etc/launchd.conf。

请注意环境。plist不适用于通过Spotlight启动的应用程序。这是由史蒂夫·塞克斯顿记录的。

Open a terminal prompt Type sudo vi /etc/launchd.conf (note: this file might not yet exist) Put contents like the following into the file # Set environment variables here so they are available globally to all apps # (and Terminal), including those launched via Spotlight. # # After editing this file run the following command from the terminal to update # environment variables globally without needing to reboot. # NOTE: You will still need to restart the relevant application (including # Terminal) to pick up the changes! # grep -E "^setenv" /etc/launchd.conf | xargs -t -L 1 launchctl # # See http://www.digitaledgesw.com/node/31 # and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/135688/setting-environment-variables-in-os-x/ # # Note that you must hardcode the paths below, don't use environment variables. # You also need to surround multiple values in quotes, see MAVEN_OPTS example below. # setenv JAVA_VERSION 1.6 setenv JAVA_HOME /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6/Home setenv GROOVY_HOME /Applications/Dev/groovy setenv GRAILS_HOME /Applications/Dev/grails setenv NEXUS_HOME /Applications/Dev/nexus/nexus-webapp setenv JRUBY_HOME /Applications/Dev/jruby setenv ANT_HOME /Applications/Dev/apache-ant setenv ANT_OPTS -Xmx512M setenv MAVEN_OPTS "-Xmx1024M -XX:MaxPermSize=512m" setenv M2_HOME /Applications/Dev/apache-maven setenv JMETER_HOME /Applications/Dev/jakarta-jmeter Save your changes in vi and reboot your Mac. Or use the grep/xargs command which is shown in the code comment above. Prove that your variables are working by opening a Terminal window and typing export and you should see your new variables. These will also be available in IntelliJ IDEA and other GUI applications you launch via Spotlight.

这里有两种类型的炮弹。

非登录:每次启动一个新的Bash副本时，.bashrc都会被重新加载 登录:.profile只有在登录或显式告诉Bash加载它并将其用作登录shell时才会被加载。

在这里，重要的是要理解在Bash中，.bashrc文件只能由交互式和非登录的shell读取，您会发现人们经常在.bash_profile中加载.bashrc以克服这一限制。

现在您已经有了基本的了解，让我们继续讨论我建议您如何设置它。

.profile:创建一个不存在的文件。把你的PATH设置放在那里。 .bashrc:如果不存在则创建。把你所有的别名和自定义方法都放进去。 .bash_profile:如果不存在则创建。把下面的东西放进去。

.bash_file:

#!/bin/bash
source ~/.profile # Get the PATH settings
source ~/.bashrc  # Get Aliases and Functions
#

这里有一个非常简单的方法来做你想做的事情。在我的例子中，它是让Gradle工作(Android Studio)。

打开终端。 执行如下命令: Sudo nano /etc/paths或Sudo vim /etc/paths 在提示时输入密码。 转到文件底部，输入要添加的路径。 点击Control + X退出。 输入“Y”保存修改后的缓冲区。 打开一个新的终端窗口，然后输入: 回声路径美元

您应该看到新路径被追加到path的末尾。

我从这篇文章中得到了这些细节:

添加到Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion及以上版本的PATH中