根据我的理解,async和await所做的主要事情之一是使代码易于编写和阅读-但使用它们是否等于生成后台线程来执行长时间的逻辑?

我目前正在尝试最基本的例子。我内联添加了一些注释。你能给我解释一下吗?

// I don't understand why this method must be marked as `async`.
private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    Task<int> access = DoSomethingAsync();
    // task independent stuff here

    // this line is reached after the 5 seconds sleep from 
    // DoSomethingAsync() method. Shouldn't it be reached immediately? 
    int a = 1; 

    // from my understanding the waiting should be done here.
    int x = await access; 
}

async Task<int> DoSomethingAsync()
{
    // is this executed on a background thread?
    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);
    return 1;
}

当前回答

查看这个小提琴https://dotnetfiddle.net/VhZdLU(如果可能的话改进它),运行一个简单的控制台应用程序,在同一个程序中显示Task, Task. waitall (), async和await操作符的用法。

这个小提琴应该清楚你的执行周期的概念。

下面是示例代码

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {               
        var a = MyMethodAsync(); //Task started for Execution and immediately goes to Line 19 of the code. Cursor will come back as soon as await operator is met       
        Console.WriteLine("Cursor Moved to Next Line Without Waiting for MyMethodAsync() completion");
        Console.WriteLine("Now Waiting for Task to be Finished");       
        Task.WaitAll(a); //Now Waiting      
        Console.WriteLine("Exiting CommandLine");       
    }

    public static async Task MyMethodAsync()
    {
        Task<int> longRunningTask = LongRunningOperation();
        // independent work which doesn't need the result of LongRunningOperationAsync can be done here
        Console.WriteLine("Independent Works of now executes in MyMethodAsync()");
        //and now we call await on the task 
        int result = await longRunningTask;
        //use the result 
        Console.WriteLine("Result of LongRunningOperation() is " + result);
    }

    public static async Task<int> LongRunningOperation() // assume we return an int from this long running operation 
    {
        Console.WriteLine("LongRunningOperation() Started");
        await Task.Delay(2000); // 2 second delay
        Console.WriteLine("LongRunningOperation() Finished after 2 Seconds");
        return 1;
    }   

}

来自输出窗口的跟踪:

其他回答

下面是通过打开对话框读取excel文件的代码,然后使用async和等待运行异步代码,从excel逐行读取并绑定到网格

namespace EmailBillingRates
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            lblProcessing.Text = "";
        }

        private async void btnReadExcel_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string filename = OpenFileDialog();

            Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
            Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook xlWorkbook = xlApp.Workbooks.Open(filename);
            Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel._Worksheet xlWorksheet = xlWorkbook.Sheets[1];
            Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range xlRange = xlWorksheet.UsedRange;
            try
            {
                Task<int> longRunningTask = BindGrid(xlRange);
                int result = await longRunningTask;

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message.ToString());
            }
            finally
            {
                //cleanup  
               // GC.Collect();
                //GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();

                //rule of thumb for releasing com objects:  
                //  never use two dots, all COM objects must be referenced and released individually  
                //  ex: [somthing].[something].[something] is bad  

                //release com objects to fully kill excel process from running in the background  
                Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlRange);
                Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorksheet);

                //close and release  
                xlWorkbook.Close();
                Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorkbook);

                //quit and release  
                xlApp.Quit();
                Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp);
            }

        }

        private void btnSendEmail_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        private string OpenFileDialog()
        {
            string filename = "";
            OpenFileDialog fdlg = new OpenFileDialog();
            fdlg.Title = "Excel File Dialog";
            fdlg.InitialDirectory = @"c:\";
            fdlg.Filter = "All files (*.*)|*.*|All files (*.*)|*.*";
            fdlg.FilterIndex = 2;
            fdlg.RestoreDirectory = true;
            if (fdlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                filename = fdlg.FileName;
            }
            return filename;
        }

        private async Task<int> BindGrid(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range xlRange)
        {
            lblProcessing.Text = "Processing File.. Please wait";
            int rowCount = xlRange.Rows.Count;
            int colCount = xlRange.Columns.Count;

            // dt.Column = colCount;  
            dataGridView1.ColumnCount = colCount;
            dataGridView1.RowCount = rowCount;

            for (int i = 1; i <= rowCount; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 1; j <= colCount; j++)
                {
                    //write the value to the Grid  
                    if (xlRange.Cells[i, j] != null && xlRange.Cells[i, j].Value2 != null)
                    {
                         await Task.Delay(1);
                         dataGridView1.Rows[i - 1].Cells[j - 1].Value =  xlRange.Cells[i, j].Value2.ToString();
                    }

                }
            }
            lblProcessing.Text = "";
            return 0;
        }
    }

    internal class async
    {
    }
}

我认为你用System.Threading.Thread.Sleep选了一个不好的例子

异步任务的要点是让它在后台执行,而不锁定主线程,例如执行DownloadFileAsync

System.Threading.Thread.Sleep不是“正在完成”的事情,它只是休眠,因此你的下一行在5秒后到达……

阅读这篇文章,我认为它很好地解释了async和await概念:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/hh191443.aspx

我想对此发表我的意见,如果任何其他答案包含我将解释的内容,我很抱歉,我读了大部分,但没有找到它,但我可能错过了一些东西。

我看到了很多错误的概念和很多好的解释,只是想解释一下异步与并行编程的区别,我相信这会让事情更容易理解。

当你需要做长时间的计算,处理器密集的工作,你应该选择使用并行编程,如果可能的话,以优化核心的使用。这将打开一些线程并同时处理一些事情。

假设你有一个数字数组,想要对每一个数字进行一些昂贵的长计算。平行是你的朋友。

异步编程在不同的用例中使用。

当你在等待一些不依赖于你的处理器的事情时,它用来释放你的线程,例如IO(写入和读取磁盘),当你执行IO时,你的线程什么都不做,当你等待一个昂贵的查询结果从DB返回时也是一样。

异步方法在线程等待很长时间返回结果时释放线程。这个线程可以被应用程序的其他部分使用(例如,在web应用程序中,它可以处理其他请求),也可以返回操作系统用于其他用途。

当您的结果完成时,相同的线程(或另一个线程)将返回给您的应用程序以继续处理。

在像。net这样的多线程环境中,异步编程不是强制性的(但是个很好的实践),在web应用程序中,其他线程将响应新请求,但如果你是在像nodejs这样的单线程框架中,这是强制性的,因为你不能阻塞你唯一的线程,否则你将无法回答任何其他请求。

总而言之,长处理器密集型计算将从并行编程中受益更多,而不依赖于处理器的长等待时间,如IO或DB查询或对某些API的调用将从异步编程中受益更多。

这就是为什么Entity Framework有一个async api来保存、列表、查找等等…

记住async/await与wait或waitAll不同,上下文不同。Async/await释放线程,是异步编程。wait / waitAll阻塞所有线程(它们没有被释放)来强制并行上下文中的同步…不同的东西…

希望这对某些人有用…

除了其他答案,还有await (c#参考)

更具体地说,在包含的例子中,它解释了您的情况

下面的Windows窗体示例说明了await在 异步方法,WaitAsynchronouslyAsync。对比一下它的行为 方法使用waitsynchrontically的行为。没有等待 应用到任务的操作符,waitsynchronize同步运行 尽管在定义中使用了async修饰符,并且调用了 线程。睡在它的身体里。

private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Call the method that runs asynchronously.
    string result = await WaitAsynchronouslyAsync();

    // Call the method that runs synchronously.
    //string result = await WaitSynchronously ();

    // Display the result.
    textBox1.Text += result;
}

// The following method runs asynchronously. The UI thread is not
// blocked during the delay. You can move or resize the Form1 window 
// while Task.Delay is running.
public async Task<string> WaitAsynchronouslyAsync()
{
    await Task.Delay(10000);
    return "Finished";
}

// The following method runs synchronously, despite the use of async.
// You cannot move or resize the Form1 window while Thread.Sleep
// is running because the UI thread is blocked.
public async Task<string> WaitSynchronously()
{
    // Add a using directive for System.Threading.
    Thread.Sleep(10000);
    return "Finished";
}

最好的例子在这里,请欣赏: