没有合理的方法使这个“类属性”系统在Python中工作。

这里有一个不合理的方法。当然，您可以通过增加元类魔法使其更加无缝。

class ClassProperty(object):
    def __init__(self, getter, setter):
        self.getter = getter
        self.setter = setter
    def __get__(self, cls, owner):
        return getattr(cls, self.getter)()
    def __set__(self, cls, value):
        getattr(cls, self.setter)(value)

class MetaFoo(type):
    var = ClassProperty('getvar', 'setvar')

class Foo(object):
    __metaclass__ = MetaFoo
    _var = 5
    @classmethod
    def getvar(cls):
        print "Getting var =", cls._var
        return cls._var
    @classmethod
    def setvar(cls, value):
        print "Setting var =", value
        cls._var = value

x = Foo.var
print "Foo.var = ", x
Foo.var = 42
x = Foo.var
print "Foo.var = ", x

问题的症结在于，属性就是Python所说的“描述符”。没有简单的方法来解释这种元编程是如何工作的，所以我必须指向描述符howto。

只有当您正在实现一个相当高级的框架时，才需要了解这类事情。比如透明对象持久化或RPC系统，或者一种领域特定的语言。

然而，在对之前答案的评论中，你说你

需要修改一个属性，使其能够被类的所有实例看到，并且在调用这些类方法的作用域中没有对类的所有实例的引用。

在我看来，您真正想要的是Observer设计模式。

这是我的解决方案，也缓存类属性

class class_property(object):
    # this caches the result of the function call for fn with cls input
    # use this as a decorator on function methods that you want converted
    # into cached properties

    def __init__(self, fn):
        self._fn_name = fn.__name__
        if not isinstance(fn, (classmethod, staticmethod)):
            fn = classmethod(fn)
        self._fn = fn

    def __get__(self, obj, cls=None):
        if cls is None:
            cls = type(obj)
        if (
            self._fn_name in vars(cls) and
            type(vars(cls)[self._fn_name]).__name__ != "class_property"
        ):
            return vars(cls)[self._fn_name]
        else:
            value = self._fn.__get__(obj, cls)()
            setattr(cls, self._fn_name, value)
            return value

一半的解决方案，类上的__set__仍然不起作用。解决方案是一个同时实现属性和静态方法的自定义属性类

class ClassProperty(object):
    def __init__(self, fget, fset):
        self.fget = fget
        self.fset = fset

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        return self.fget()

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        self.fset(value)

class Foo(object):
    _bar = 1
    def get_bar():
        print 'getting'
        return Foo._bar

    def set_bar(value):
        print 'setting'
        Foo._bar = value

    bar = ClassProperty(get_bar, set_bar)

f = Foo()
#__get__ works
f.bar
Foo.bar

f.bar = 2
Foo.bar = 3 #__set__ does not

我希望这个极其简单的只读@classproperty装饰器能够帮助人们查找类属性。

class classproperty(property):
    def __get__(self, owner_self, owner_cls):
        return self.fget(owner_cls)

class C(object):

    @classproperty
    def x(cls):
        return 1

assert C.x == 1
assert C().x == 1

对于Python 3.9之前的函数式方法，您可以使用以下方法:

def classproperty(fget):
  return type(
      'classproperty',
      (),
      {'__get__': lambda self, _, cls: fget(cls), '__module__': None}
  )()
  
class Item:
  a = 47

  @classproperty
  def x(cls):
    return cls.a

Item.x

Python < 3.9的代码补全友好解决方案

from typing import (
    Callable,
    Generic,
    TypeVar,
)


T = TypeVar('T')


class classproperty(Generic[T]):
    """Converts a method to a class property.
    """

    def __init__(self, f: Callable[..., T]):
        self.fget = f

    def __get__(self, instance, owner) -> T:
        return self.fget(owner)