我很确定你的面试官是想委婉地让你说出这样的话:

local number = 564321;

function split(str)
    local t = {};
    for i = 1, string.len(str) do
        table.insert(t, str.sub(str,i,i));
    end
    return t;
end

local res = number;
local i = 1;
while number >= res do
    local t = split(tostring(res));
    if i == 1 then
        i = #t;
    end
    t[i], t[i-1] = t[i-1], t[i];
    i = i - 1;
    res = tonumber(table.concat(t));
end

print(res);

不一定是最有效或最优雅的解决方案，但它在两个循环中解决了所提供的示例，并像他建议的那样一次交换一个数字。

下面是Python中的一个紧凑(但部分是蛮力)解决方案

def findnext(ii): return min(v for v in (int("".join(x)) for x in
    itertools.permutations(str(ii))) if v>ii)

在c++中，你可以这样排列:https://stackoverflow.com/a/9243091/1149664(它与itertools中的算法相同)

以下是Weeble和BlueRaja描述的顶部答案的实现(其他答案)。我怀疑还有什么更好的办法。

def findnext(ii):
    iis=list(map(int,str(ii)))
    for i in reversed(range(len(iis))):
        if i == 0: return ii
        if iis[i] > iis[i-1] :
            break        
    left,right=iis[:i],iis[i:]
    for k in reversed(range(len(right))):
        if right[k]>left[-1]:
           right[k],left[-1]=left[-1],right[k]
           break
    return int("".join(map(str,(left+sorted(right)))))

这是我的代码，它是这个例子的修改版本

库:

class NumPermExample
{
    // print N! permutation of the characters of the string s (in order)
    public  static void perm1(String s, ArrayList<String> perm)
    {
        perm1("", s);
    }

    private static void perm1(String prefix, String s, ArrayList<String> perm)
    {
        int N = s.length();
        if (N == 0)
        {
            System.out.println(prefix);
            perm.add(prefix);
        }
        else
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
                perm1(prefix + s.charAt(i), s.substring(0, i)
                    + s.substring(i+1, N));
        }

    }

    // print N! permutation of the elements of array a (not in order)
    public static void perm2(String s, ArrayList<String> perm)
    {
       int N = s.length();
       char[] a = new char[N];
       for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
           a[i] = s.charAt(i);
       perm2(a, N);
    }

    private static void perm2(char[] a, int n, ArrayList<String> perm)
    {
        if (n == 1)
        {
            System.out.println(a);
            perm.add(new String(a));
            return;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            swap(a, i, n-1);
            perm2(a, n-1);
            swap(a, i, n-1);
        }
    }  

    // swap the characters at indices i and j
    private static void swap(char[] a, int i, int j)
    {
        char c;
        c = a[i]; a[i] = a[j]; a[j] = c;
    }

    // next higher permutation
    public static int nextPermutation (int number)
    {
        ArrayList<String> perm = new ArrayList<String>();

        String cur = ""+number;

        int nextPerm = 0;

        perm1(cur, perm);

        for (String s : perm)
        {
            if (Integer.parseInt(s) > number
                        && (nextPerm == 0 ||
                            Integer.parseInt(s) < nextPerm))
            {
                nextPerm = Integer.parseInt(s);
            }
        }

            return nextPerm;
    }
}

测试:

public static void main(String[] args) 
{
    int a = 38276;

    int b = NumPermExample.nextPermutation(a);

    System.out.println("a: "+a+", b: "+b);
}

你的想法

我想从找到第一个比个位小的数字的下标开始。然后我将旋转子集中的最后一个数字，这样它是由相同的数字组成的下一个最大的数字，但卡住了。

其实还不错。您不仅要考虑最后一位数字，还要考虑所有比当前考虑的不那么重要的数字。在此之前，我们有一个单调的数字序列，即最右边的数字比它右边的邻居小。把

1234675
    ^

下一个有相同数字的大数是

1234756

将找到的数字交换为最后一位数字(考虑的数字中最小的数字)，其余数字按递增顺序排列。

这是个很有趣的问题。

这是我的java版本。在我检查其他贡献者的评论之前，从弄清楚模式到完全完成代码，我花了大约3个小时。很高兴看到我的想法和别人一样。

O (n)的解决方案。老实说，如果时间只有15分钟，并且要求在白板上完成完整的代码，我将会失败。

以下是我的解决方案的一些有趣点:

避免任何排序。 完全避免字符串操作 实现O(logN)空间复杂度

我在代码中添加了详细注释，并在每个步骤中添加了大O。

  public int findNextBiggestNumber(int input  )   {
    //take 1358642 as input for example.
    //Step 1: split the whole number to a list for individual digital   1358642->[2,4,6,8,5,3,1]
    // this step is O(n)
    int digitalLevel=input;

    List<Integer> orgNumbersList=new ArrayList<Integer>()   ;

    do {
        Integer nInt = new Integer(digitalLevel % 10);
        orgNumbersList.add(nInt);

        digitalLevel=(int) (digitalLevel/10  )  ;


    } while( digitalLevel >0)    ;
    int len= orgNumbersList.size();
    int [] orgNumbers=new int[len]  ;
    for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
        orgNumbers[i ]  =  orgNumbersList.get(i).intValue();
    }
    //step 2 find the first digital less than the digital right to it
    // this step is O(n)


    int firstLessPointer=1;
    while(firstLessPointer<len&&(orgNumbers[firstLessPointer]>orgNumbers[ firstLessPointer-1 ])){
        firstLessPointer++;
    }
     if(firstLessPointer==len-1&&orgNumbers[len-1]>=orgNumbers[len-2]){
         //all number is in sorted order like 4321, no answer for it, return original
         return input;
     }

    //when step 2 step finished, firstLessPointer  pointing to number 5

     //step 3 fristLessPointer found, need to find  to  first number less than it  from low digital in the number
    //This step is O(n)
    int justBiggerPointer=  0 ;

    while(justBiggerPointer<firstLessPointer&& orgNumbers[justBiggerPointer]<orgNumbers[firstLessPointer]){
        justBiggerPointer++;
    }
    //when step 3 finished, justBiggerPointer  pointing to 6

    //step 4 swap the elements  of justBiggerPointer and firstLessPointer .
    // This  is O(1) operation   for swap

   int tmp=  orgNumbers[firstLessPointer] ;

    orgNumbers[firstLessPointer]=  orgNumbers[justBiggerPointer]  ;
     orgNumbers[justBiggerPointer]=tmp ;


     // when step 4 finished, the list looks like        [2,4,5,8,6,3,1]    the digital in the list before
     // firstLessPointer is already sorted in our previous operation
     // we can return result from this list  but  in a differrent way
    int result=0;
    int i=0;
    int lowPointer=firstLessPointer;
    //the following pick number from list from  the position just before firstLessPointer, here is 8 -> 5 -> 4 -> 2
    //This Operation is O(n)
    while(lowPointer>0)        {
        result+= orgNumbers[--lowPointer]* Math.pow(10,i);
        i++;
    }
    //the following pick number from list   from position firstLessPointer
    //This Operation is O(n)
    while(firstLessPointer<len)        {
        result+= orgNumbers[firstLessPointer++ ]* Math.pow(10,i);
        i++;
    }
     return  result;

}

下面是在Intellj中运行的结果:

959879532-->959892357
1358642-->1362458
1234567-->1234576
77654321-->77654321
38276-->38627
47-->74

这是我在Ruby中的实现:

def foo num  
  num = num.to_s.chars.map(&:to_i)
  return num.join.to_i if num.size < 2
  for left in (num.size-2).downto(0) do
    for right in (num.size-1).downto(left+1) do
      if num[right]>num[left]
        num[left],num[right] = num[right],num[left]        
        return (num[0..left] + num[left+1..num.size-1].sort).join.to_i
      end
    end
  end
  return num.join.to_i
end

p foo 38276 
#will print: 38627