我刚刚搞砸了一次面试,而且我的面试问题几乎毫无进展。

给定一个数,找出下一个与之完全相同的更大的数 作为原始数字的数字集。例如:给定38276返回 38627

我想从找到第一个比个位小的数字的下标开始。然后我将旋转子集中的最后一个数字,这样它是由相同的数字组成的下一个最大的数字,但卡住了。

面试官还建议我试着一次换一个数字,但我搞不懂算法,只能盯着屏幕看20-30分钟。不用说,我想我还得继续找工作。


当前回答

下面是生成一个数字的所有排列的代码..不过必须先使用string . valueof (integer)将该整数转换为字符串。

/**
 * 
 * Inserts a integer at any index around string.
 * 
 * @param number
 * @param position
 * @param item
 * @return
 */
public String insertToNumberStringAtPosition(String number, int position,
        int item) {
    String temp = null;
    if (position >= number.length()) {
        temp = number + item;
    } else {
        temp = number.substring(0, position) + item
                + number.substring(position, number.length());
    }
    return temp;
}

/**
 * To generate permutations of a number.
 * 
 * @param number
 * @return
 */
public List<String> permuteNumber(String number) {
    List<String> permutations = new ArrayList<String>();
    if (number.length() == 1) {
        permutations.add(number);
        return permutations;
    }
    // else
    int inserterDig = (int) (number.charAt(0) - '0');
    Iterator<String> iterator = permuteNumber(number.substring(1))
            .iterator();
    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
        String subPerm = iterator.next();
        for (int dig = 0; dig <= subPerm.length(); dig++) {
            permutations.add(insertToNumberStringAtPosition(subPerm, dig,
                    inserterDig));
        }
    }
    return permutations;
}

其他回答

#include<stdio.h>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
#include<sstream>
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;
int compare (const void * a, const void * b)
{
    return *(char*)a-*(char*)b;
}

/*-----------------------------------------------*/

int main()
{
    char number[200],temp;
    cout<<"please enter your number?"<<endl;
    gets(number);
    int n=strlen(number),length;
    length=n;
    while(--n>0)
    {
        if(number[n-1]<number[n])
        {
            for(int i=length-1;i>=n;i--)
            {
                if(number[i]>number[n-1])
                {
                    temp=number[i];
                    number[i]=number[n-1];
                    number[n-1]=temp;
                    break;
                }
            }
            qsort(number+n,length-n,sizeof(char),compare);
            puts(number); 
            return 0;
        }
    }
    cout<<"sorry itz the greatest one :)"<<endl;
}

Ruby的解决方案

def next_bigger(num)
  char_array = num.to_s.split('')
  return -1 if char_array.uniq.size == 1

  arr, target_idx, target_char = [], nil, nil
  # get first left-digit less than the right from right side
  (char_array.count - 1).times do |i|
    arr.unshift(char_array[-(i+1)])

    if char_array[-(i+2)] < char_array[-(i+1)]
      target_idx = char_array.count - (i + 2)
      target_char = char_array[-(i+2)]
      arr.unshift(char_array[-(i+2)])
      break
    end
  end
  return -1 unless target_idx

  # first smallest digit larger than target_char to the right
  ((target_char.to_i + 1)..9).to_a.each do |ch|
    if arr.index(ch.to_s)
      flip_char = arr.delete_at(arr.index(ch.to_s))
      # sort the digits to the right of flip_char
      arr.sort!
      # place flip_char to the left of target_char
      arr.unshift(flip_char)
      break
    end
  end

  (char_array[0...target_idx] + arr).join().to_i
end

你的想法

我想从找到第一个比个位小的数字的下标开始。然后我将旋转子集中的最后一个数字,这样它是由相同的数字组成的下一个最大的数字,但卡住了。

其实还不错。您不仅要考虑最后一位数字,还要考虑所有比当前考虑的不那么重要的数字。在此之前,我们有一个单调的数字序列,即最右边的数字比它右边的邻居小。把

1234675
    ^

下一个有相同数字的大数是

1234756

将找到的数字交换为最后一位数字(考虑的数字中最小的数字),其余数字按递增顺序排列。

这是另一个Java实现,可以开箱即用,并通过测试完成。 这个解决方案是O(n)个空间和时间,使用老式的动态规划。

如果你想用蛮力,有两种蛮力:

排列所有的东西,然后选择最小值更高的:O(n!) 与此实现类似,但不是DP,而是强制填充的步骤 indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft映射将在O(n²)中运行。


import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

public class NextHigherSameDigits {

    public long next(final long num) {
        final char[] chars = String.valueOf(num).toCharArray();
        final int[] digits = new int[chars.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
            digits[i] = Character.getNumericValue(chars[i]);
        }

        final Map<Integer, Integer> indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft = new HashMap<>();
        indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.put(1, digits[1] > digits[0] ? 0 : null);
        for (int i = 2; i < digits.length; i++) {
            final int left = digits[i - 1];
            final int current = digits[i];
            Integer indexOfNextSmallerLeft = null;
            if (current > left) {
                indexOfNextSmallerLeft = i - 1;
            } else {
                final Integer indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft = indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.get(i - 1);
                final Integer nextSmallerLeftOfLeft = indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft == null ? null : 
                    digits[indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft];

                if (nextSmallerLeftOfLeft != null && current > nextSmallerLeftOfLeft) {
                    indexOfNextSmallerLeft = indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft;
                } else {
                    indexOfNextSmallerLeft = null;
                }
            }

            indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.put(i, indexOfNextSmallerLeft);
        }

        Integer maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft = null;
        Integer indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft = null;
        for (int i = digits.length - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
            final Integer indexOfNextSmallerLeft = indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.get(i);
            if (maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft == null ||
                    (indexOfNextSmallerLeft != null && indexOfNextSmallerLeft > maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft)) {

                maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft = indexOfNextSmallerLeft;
                if (maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft != null && (indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft == null || 
                        digits[i] < digits[indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft])) {

                    indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft = i;
                }
            }
        }

        if (maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft == null) {
            return -1;
        } else {
            swap(digits, indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft, maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft);
            reverseRemainingOfArray(digits, maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft + 1);
            return backToLong(digits);
        }
    }

    private void reverseRemainingOfArray(final int[] digits, final int startIndex) {
        final int[] tail = Arrays.copyOfRange(digits, startIndex, digits.length);
        for (int i = tail.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            digits[(digits.length - 1)  - i] = tail[i];                 
        }
    }

    private void swap(final int[] digits, final int currentIndex, final int indexOfNextSmallerLeft) {
        int temp = digits[currentIndex];
        digits[currentIndex] = digits[indexOfNextSmallerLeft];
        digits[indexOfNextSmallerLeft] = temp;
    }

    private long backToLong(int[] digits) {     
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (long i : digits) {
            sb.append(String.valueOf(i));
        }

        return Long.parseLong(sb.toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void test() {
        final long input1 =    34722641;
        final long expected1 = 34724126;
        final long output1 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input1);
        assertEquals(expected1, output1);

        final long input2 =    38276;
        final long expected2 = 38627;
        final long output2 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input2);
        assertEquals(expected2, output2);

        final long input3 =    54321;
        final long expected3 = -1;
        final long output3 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input3);
        assertEquals(expected3, output3);

        final long input4 =    123456784987654321L;
        final long expected4 = 123456785123446789L;
        final long output4 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input4);
        assertEquals(expected4, output4);

        final long input5 =    9999;
        final long expected5 = -1;
        final long output5 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input5);
        assertEquals(expected5, output5);
    }

}

我只测试了两个数字。他们工作。 在去年12月退休之前,我做了8年的IT经理,我关心三件事: 1)准确性:如果它总是有效,那就很好。 2)速度:用户可以接受。 3)明确:我可能没有你聪明,但我付你薪水。确保你用英语解释你在做什么。

奥马尔,祝你好运。

Sub Main()

Dim Base(0 To 9) As Long
Dim Test(0 To 9) As Long

Dim i As Long
Dim j As Long
Dim k As Long
Dim ctr As Long

Const x As Long = 776914648
Dim y As Long
Dim z As Long

Dim flag As Boolean

' Store the digit count for the original number in the Base vector.
    For i = 0 To 9
        ctr = 0
        For j = 1 To Len(CStr(x))
            If Mid$(CStr(x), j, 1) = i Then ctr = ctr + 1
        Next j
        Base(i) = ctr
    Next i

' Start comparing from the next highest number.
    y = x + 1
    Do

' Store the digit count for the each new number in the Test vector.
        flag = False
        For i = 0 To 9
            ctr = 0
            For j = 1 To Len(CStr(y))
                If Mid$(CStr(y), j, 1) = i Then ctr = ctr + 1
            Next j
            Test(i) = ctr
        Next i

' Compare the digit counts.
        For k = 0 To 9
            If Test(k) <> Base(k) Then flag = True
        Next k

' If no match, INC and repeat.
        If flag = True Then
            y = y + 1
            Erase Test()
        Else
            z = y ' Match.
        End If

    Loop Until z > 0

    MsgBox (z), , "Solution"

End Sub