从Python 3.10开始，Pearson的相关系数(statistics.correlation)可以直接在标准库中获得:

from statistics import correlation

# a = [15, 12, 8, 8, 7, 7, 7, 6, 5, 3]
# b = [10, 25, 17, 11, 13, 17, 20, 13, 9, 15]
correlation(a, b)
# 0.1449981545806852

您可能想知道如何在寻找特定方向的相关性(负相关或正相关)的上下文中解释您的概率。这是我写的一个函数。它甚至可能是正确的!

这是基于我从http://www.vassarstats.net/rsig.html和http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student%27s_t_distribution上收集到的信息，感谢这里发布的其他答案。

# Given (possibly random) variables, X and Y, and a correlation direction,
# returns:
#  (r, p),
# where r is the Pearson correlation coefficient, and p is the probability
# that there is no correlation in the given direction.
#
# direction:
#  if positive, p is the probability that there is no positive correlation in
#    the population sampled by X and Y
#  if negative, p is the probability that there is no negative correlation
#  if 0, p is the probability that there is no correlation in either direction
def probabilityNotCorrelated(X, Y, direction=0):
    x = len(X)
    if x != len(Y):
        raise ValueError("variables not same len: " + str(x) + ", and " + \
                         str(len(Y)))
    if x < 6:
        raise ValueError("must have at least 6 samples, but have " + str(x))
    (corr, prb_2_tail) = stats.pearsonr(X, Y)

    if not direction:
        return (corr, prb_2_tail)

    prb_1_tail = prb_2_tail / 2
    if corr * direction > 0:
        return (corr, prb_1_tail)

    return (corr, 1 - prb_1_tail)

Pearson coefficient calculation using pandas in python: I would suggest trying this approach since your data contains lists. It will be easy to interact with your data and manipulate it from the console since you can visualise your data structure and update it as you wish. You can also export the data set and save it and add new data out of the python console for later analysis. This code is simpler and contains less lines of code. I am assuming you need a few quick lines of code to screen your data for further analysis

例子:

data = {'list 1':[2,4,6,8],'list 2':[4,16,36,64]}

import pandas as pd #To Convert your lists to pandas data frames convert your lists into pandas dataframes

df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns = ['list 1','list 2'])

from scipy import stats # For in-built method to get PCC

pearson_coef, p_value = stats.pearsonr(df["list 1"], df["list 2"]) #define the columns to perform calculations on
print("Pearson Correlation Coefficient: ", pearson_coef, "and a P-value of:", p_value) # Results 

但是，在分析之前，你没有发布你的数据给我看数据集的大小或可能需要的转换。

下面的代码是对该定义的直接解释:

import math

def average(x):
    assert len(x) > 0
    return float(sum(x)) / len(x)

def pearson_def(x, y):
    assert len(x) == len(y)
    n = len(x)
    assert n > 0
    avg_x = average(x)
    avg_y = average(y)
    diffprod = 0
    xdiff2 = 0
    ydiff2 = 0
    for idx in range(n):
        xdiff = x[idx] - avg_x
        ydiff = y[idx] - avg_y
        diffprod += xdiff * ydiff
        xdiff2 += xdiff * xdiff
        ydiff2 += ydiff * ydiff

    return diffprod / math.sqrt(xdiff2 * ydiff2)

测试:

print pearson_def([1,2,3], [1,5,7])

返回

0.981980506062

这与Excel，这个计算器，SciPy(也是NumPy)一致，分别返回0.981980506和0.9819805060619657，和0.98198050606196574。

R:

> cor( c(1,2,3), c(1,5,7))
[1] 0.9819805

编辑:修正了一个由评论者指出的错误。

本文给出了一种基于稀疏向量的pearson相关的实现方法。这里的向量表示为(index, value)表示的元组列表。两个稀疏向量可以是不同的长度，但总的向量大小必须是相同的。这对于文本挖掘应用程序非常有用，其中向量大小非常大，因为大多数特征都是单词包，因此通常使用稀疏向量执行计算。

def get_pearson_corelation(self, first_feature_vector=[], second_feature_vector=[], length_of_featureset=0):
    indexed_feature_dict = {}
    if first_feature_vector == [] or second_feature_vector == [] or length_of_featureset == 0:
        raise ValueError("Empty feature vectors or zero length of featureset in get_pearson_corelation")

    sum_a = sum(value for index, value in first_feature_vector)
    sum_b = sum(value for index, value in second_feature_vector)

    avg_a = float(sum_a) / length_of_featureset
    avg_b = float(sum_b) / length_of_featureset

    mean_sq_error_a = sqrt((sum((value - avg_a) ** 2 for index, value in first_feature_vector)) + ((
        length_of_featureset - len(first_feature_vector)) * ((0 - avg_a) ** 2)))
    mean_sq_error_b = sqrt((sum((value - avg_b) ** 2 for index, value in second_feature_vector)) + ((
        length_of_featureset - len(second_feature_vector)) * ((0 - avg_b) ** 2)))

    covariance_a_b = 0

    #calculate covariance for the sparse vectors
    for tuple in first_feature_vector:
        if len(tuple) != 2:
            raise ValueError("Invalid feature frequency tuple in featureVector: %s") % (tuple,)
        indexed_feature_dict[tuple[0]] = tuple[1]
    count_of_features = 0
    for tuple in second_feature_vector:
        count_of_features += 1
        if len(tuple) != 2:
            raise ValueError("Invalid feature frequency tuple in featureVector: %s") % (tuple,)
        if tuple[0] in indexed_feature_dict:
            covariance_a_b += ((indexed_feature_dict[tuple[0]] - avg_a) * (tuple[1] - avg_b))
            del (indexed_feature_dict[tuple[0]])
        else:
            covariance_a_b += (0 - avg_a) * (tuple[1] - avg_b)

    for index in indexed_feature_dict:
        count_of_features += 1
        covariance_a_b += (indexed_feature_dict[index] - avg_a) * (0 - avg_b)

    #adjust covariance with rest of vector with 0 value
    covariance_a_b += (length_of_featureset - count_of_features) * -avg_a * -avg_b

    if mean_sq_error_a == 0 or mean_sq_error_b == 0:
        return -1
    else:
        return float(covariance_a_b) / (mean_sq_error_a * mean_sq_error_b)

单元测试:

def test_get_get_pearson_corelation(self):
    vector_a = [(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)]
    vector_b = [(1, 1), (2, 5), (3, 7)]
    self.assertAlmostEquals(self.sim_calculator.get_pearson_corelation(vector_a, vector_b, 3), 0.981980506062, 3, None, None)

    vector_a = [(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)]
    vector_b = [(1, 1), (2, 5), (3, 7), (4, 14)]
    self.assertAlmostEquals(self.sim_calculator.get_pearson_corelation(vector_a, vector_b, 5), -0.0137089240555, 3, None, None)

Pearson相关性可以用numpy的corrcoef来计算。

import numpy
numpy.corrcoef(list1, list2)[0, 1]