A docker image or a container image in general is a software package which wraps your application executable, dependencies, configurations and application runtime into a secure and immutable unit. When I am saying application executable it differs from application to application. For example if it is a java application it would a jar file, for node application may be a js file. Similarly the application runtime depends on your application itself. For java application it will be JRE, for node application it is node binaries.

您可以根据映像清单文件中提供的说明构建映像。Dockerfile)。构建映像后，可以将其存储在本地或一些容器映像存储库(如hub.docker.com)中。

当您希望将映像作为应用程序工作负载运行时，您可以启动一个需要映像的容器。容器是映像的运行时实例。

要构建一个映像，存储它并将其作为容器运行，你需要一个名为容器运行时的软件，比如Docker。这些容器运行时符合Open container Initiative为映像创建和容器运行提供的标准。

工作流

下面是端到端的工作流，显示各种命令及其相关的输入和输出。这应该澄清了映像和容器之间的关系。

+------------+  docker build   +--------------+  docker run -dt   +-----------+  docker exec -it   +------+
| Dockerfile | --------------> |    Image     | --------------->  | Container | -----------------> | Bash |
+------------+                 +--------------+                   +-----------+                    +------+
                                 ^
                                 | docker pull
                                 |
                               +--------------+
                               |   Registry   |
                               +--------------+

要列出你可以运行的图像，执行:

docker image ls

列出你可以执行命令的容器:

docker ps

Docker映像打包了应用程序运行所需的应用程序和环境，容器是映像的运行实例。

图像是Docker的包装部分，类似于“源代码”或“程序”。容器是Docker的执行部分，类似于“进程”。

在这个问题中，只提到了“程序”部分，这就是图像。Docker的“运行”部分是容器。当容器运行并进行更改时，就好像进程对自己的源代码进行了更改，并将其保存为新的映像。

就像对象是面向对象编程语言中类的实例一样，Docker容器也是Docker映像的实例。

I would like to fill the missing part here between docker images and containers. Docker uses a union file system (UFS) for containers, which allows multiple filesystems to be mounted in a hierarchy and to appear as a single filesystem. The filesystem from the image has been mounted as a read-only layer, and any changes to the running container are made to a read-write layer mounted on top of this. Because of this, Docker only has to look at the topmost read-write layer to find the changes made to the running system.

An image is like a class and container is like an object that class and so you can have an infinite number of containers behaving like the image. A class is a blueprint which isnt doing anything on its own. You have to create instances of the object un your program to do anything meaningful. And so is the case with an image and a container. You define your image and then create containers running that image. It isnt exactly similar because object is an instance of a class whereas a container is something like an empty hollow place and you use the image to build up a running host with exactly what the image says