摘自开发者指南:

android:id="@+id/my_button"

The at-symbol (@) at the beginning of the string indicates that the XML parser should parse and expand the rest of the ID string and identify it as an ID resource. The plus-symbol (+) means that this is a new resource name that must be created and added to our resources (in the R.java file). There are a number of other ID resources that are offered by the Android framework. When referencing an Android resource ID, you do not need the plus-symbol, but must add the android package namespace, like so:

android：id=“@android：id/empty”

你引用Android资源，这些资源已经在Android系统中定义了，使用@android:id/..当访问您在项目中定义/创建的资源时，使用@id/..

更多信息

根据你在聊天中的澄清，你说你有一个这样的问题:

如果我们使用android:id="@id/layout_item_id"，这是行不通的。取而代之的是@+id/，那么这里有什么不同呢?这就是我最初的问题。

好吧，这取决于上下文，当你使用android:id的XML属性时，你指定了一个新的id，并指示解析器(或称其为构建器)在R.java中创建一个新条目，因此你必须包含一个+号。

而在另一种情况下，像android:layout_below="@id/myTextView"，你引用的是一个已经创建的id，所以解析器链接到这个已经创建的id在R.java。

更多信息

正如你在聊天中所说，注意android:layout_below="@id/myTextView"不会识别id myTextView的元素，如果它写在你正在使用它的元素之后。

+号是将id添加到资源id列表的快捷方式。否则，您需要将它们保存在这样的xml文件中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <item name="my_logo" type="id"/>
</resources>

The plus sign (+) before the resource type is needed only when you're defining a resource ID for the first time. When you compile the app, the SDK tools use the ID name to create a new resource ID in your project's R.java file that refers to the EditText element. With the resource ID declared once this way, other references to the ID do not need the plus sign. Using the plus sign is necessary only when specifying a new resource ID and not needed for concrete resources such as strings or layouts. See the sidebox for more information about resource objects.

来自:https://developer.android.com/training/basics/firstapp/building-ui.html

摘自开发者指南:

android:id="@+id/my_button"

The at-symbol (@) at the beginning of the string indicates that the XML parser should parse and expand the rest of the ID string and identify it as an ID resource. The plus-symbol (+) means that this is a new resource name that must be created and added to our resources (in the R.java file). There are a number of other ID resources that are offered by the Android framework. When referencing an Android resource ID, you do not need the plus-symbol, but must add the android package namespace, like so:

android：id=“@android：id/empty”

Eclipse中有一个bug，有时如果你创建了一个新的@+id/..，它不会立即添加到R.java文件中，即使在清理构建项目之后也是如此。解决方案是重新启动Eclipse。

我认为这个问题应该尽快解决，因为它可能(从经验来看，将会)使一些开发人员感到困惑，认为他们的语法有问题，并试图调试它，即使实际上没有什么需要调试的。