"""Visit http://diveintopython.net/"""

__author__ = "Mark Pilgrim (mark@diveintopython.org)"


def info(object, spacing=10, collapse=1):
    """Print methods and doc strings.

    Takes module, class, list, dictionary, or string."""
    methodList = [e for e in dir(object) if callable(getattr(object, e))]
    processFunc = collapse and (lambda s: " ".join(s.split())) or (lambda s: s)
    print "\n".join(["%s %s" %
                     (method.ljust(spacing),
                      processFunc(str(getattr(object, method).__doc__)))
                     for method in methodList])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print help.__doc__

Python有一组强大的自省特性。

看看下面的内置函数:

(型) dir () (id) getattr () hasattr () globals () locals () callable ()

Type()和dir()分别对于检查对象的类型及其属性集特别有用。

If you want to look inside a live object, then python's inspect module is a good answer. In general, it works for getting the source code of functions that are defined in a source file somewhere on disk. If you want to get the source of live functions and lambdas that were defined in the interpreter, you can use dill.source.getsource from dill. It also can get the code for from bound or unbound class methods and functions defined in curries... however, you might not be able to compile that code without the enclosing object's code.

>>> from dill.source import getsource
>>> 
>>> def add(x,y):
...   return x+y
... 
>>> squared = lambda x:x**2
>>> 
>>> print getsource(add)
def add(x,y):
  return x+y

>>> print getsource(squared)
squared = lambda x:x**2

>>> 
>>> class Foo(object):
...   def bar(self, x):
...     return x*x+x
... 
>>> f = Foo()
>>> 
>>> print getsource(f.bar)
def bar(self, x):
    return x*x+x

>>> 

如果你对此感兴趣，可以看看objbrowser。它使用Python标准库中的inspect模块进行下面的对象内省。

如果您正在寻找一个稍微更微妙的解决方案，您可以尝试objprint。它的一个积极的方面是它可以处理嵌套对象。例如:

from objprint import objprint

class Position:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

class Player:
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "Alice"
        self.age = 18
        self.items = ["axe", "armor"]
        self.coins = {"gold": 1, "silver": 33, "bronze": 57}
        self.position = Position(3, 5)

objprint(Player())

会打印出来

<Player
  .name = 'Alice',
  .age = 18,
  .items = ['axe', 'armor'],
  .coins = {'gold': 1, 'silver': 33, 'bronze': 57},
  .position = <Position
    .x = 3,
    .y = 5
  >
>

尝试使用:

print(object.stringify())

其中object是要检查的对象的变量名。

这将打印出格式化良好的选项卡输出，显示对象中所有键和值的层次结构。

注意:这在python3中有效。不确定它是否适用于早期版本

更新:这并不适用于所有类型的对象。如果你遇到了这些类型之一(比如Request对象)，请使用以下类型之一:

dir(对象)

or

进口pprint 然后: pprint.pprint (object.__dict__)