好吧，这里有一种有点复杂的方式来做同样的事情:

var string = "Blah blah blah", output;
var bb = new (window.BlobBuilder||window.WebKitBlobBuilder||window.MozBlobBuilder)();
bb.append(string);
var f = new FileReader();
f.onload = function(e) {
  // do whatever
  output = e.target.result;
}
f.readAsArrayBuffer(bb.getBlob());

编辑:BlobBuilder早已被弃用，取而代之的是Blob构造函数，在我第一次写这篇文章时，它还不存在。这是一个更新版本。(是的，这一直是一个非常愚蠢的转换方式，但它只是为了好玩!)

var string = "Blah blah blah", output;
var f = new FileReader();
f.onload = function(e) {
  // do whatever
  output = e.target.result;
};
f.readAsArrayBuffer(new Blob([string]));

好吧，这里有一种有点复杂的方式来做同样的事情:

var string = "Blah blah blah", output;
var bb = new (window.BlobBuilder||window.WebKitBlobBuilder||window.MozBlobBuilder)();
bb.append(string);
var f = new FileReader();
f.onload = function(e) {
  // do whatever
  output = e.target.result;
}
f.readAsArrayBuffer(bb.getBlob());

编辑:BlobBuilder早已被弃用，取而代之的是Blob构造函数，在我第一次写这篇文章时，它还不存在。这是一个更新版本。(是的，这一直是一个非常愚蠢的转换方式，但它只是为了好玩!)

var string = "Blah blah blah", output;
var f = new FileReader();
f.onload = function(e) {
  // do whatever
  output = e.target.result;
};
f.readAsArrayBuffer(new Blob([string]));

尽管Dennis和gengkev使用Blob/FileReader的解决方案有效，但我不建议采用这种方法。这是一种解决简单问题的异步方法，比直接解决方案要慢得多。我在html5rocks上发布了一个更简单(更快)的解决方案: http://updates.html5rocks.com/2012/06/How-to-convert-ArrayBuffer-to-and-from-String

解决方案是:

function ab2str(buf) {
  return String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint16Array(buf));
}

function str2ab(str) {
  var buf = new ArrayBuffer(str.length*2); // 2 bytes for each char
  var bufView = new Uint16Array(buf);
  for (var i=0, strLen=str.length; i<strLen; i++) {
    bufView[i] = str.charCodeAt(i);
  }
  return buf;
}

编辑:

Encoding API帮助解决字符串转换问题。请查看Jeff Posnik在Html5Rocks.com上对上述原创文章的回复。

摘录:

Encoding API使原始字节和原生JavaScript字符串之间的转换变得简单，而不考虑需要使用的许多标准编码中的哪一种。

<pre id="results"></pre>

<script>
  if ('TextDecoder' in window) {
    // The local files to be fetched, mapped to the encoding that they're using.
    var filesToEncoding = {
      'utf8.bin': 'utf-8',
      'utf16le.bin': 'utf-16le',
      'macintosh.bin': 'macintosh'
    };

    Object.keys(filesToEncoding).forEach(function(file) {
      fetchAndDecode(file, filesToEncoding[file]);
    });
  } else {
    document.querySelector('#results').textContent = 'Your browser does not support the Encoding API.'
  }

  // Use XHR to fetch `file` and interpret its contents as being encoded with `encoding`.
  function fetchAndDecode(file, encoding) {
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    xhr.open('GET', file);
    // Using 'arraybuffer' as the responseType ensures that the raw data is returned,
    // rather than letting XMLHttpRequest decode the data first.
    xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
    xhr.onload = function() {
      if (this.status == 200) {
        // The decode() method takes a DataView as a parameter, which is a wrapper on top of the ArrayBuffer.
        var dataView = new DataView(this.response);
        // The TextDecoder interface is documented at http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#interface-textdecoder
        var decoder = new TextDecoder(encoding);
        var decodedString = decoder.decode(dataView);
        // Add the decoded file's text to the <pre> element on the page.
        document.querySelector('#results').textContent += decodedString + '\n';
      } else {
        console.error('Error while requesting', file, this);
      }
    };
    xhr.send();
  }
</script>

我用了这个，对我很有用。

function arrayBufferToBase64( buffer ) {
    var binary = '';
    var bytes = new Uint8Array( buffer );
    var len = bytes.byteLength;
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        binary += String.fromCharCode( bytes[ i ] );
    }
    return window.btoa( binary );
}



function base64ToArrayBuffer(base64) {
    var binary_string =  window.atob(base64);
    var len = binary_string.length;
    var bytes = new Uint8Array( len );
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++)        {
        bytes[i] = binary_string.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    return bytes.buffer;
}

  stringToArrayBuffer(byteString) {
    var byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteString.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
      byteArray[i] = byteString.codePointAt(i);
    }
    return byteArray;
  }
  arrayBufferToString(buffer) {
    var byteArray = new Uint8Array(buffer);
    var byteString = '';
    for (var i = 0; i < byteArray.byteLength; i++) {
      byteString += String.fromCodePoint(byteArray[i]);
    }
    return byteString;
  }

你可以使用Encoding标准中的TextEncoder和TextDecoder，该标准由stringencoding库填充，用于将字符串转换为ArrayBuffers:

var uint8array = new TextEncoder().encode(string);
var string = new TextDecoder(encoding).decode(uint8array);