是否有一种普遍接受的技术可以有效地将JavaScript字符串转换为arraybuffer,反之亦然?具体来说,我希望能够将ArrayBuffer的内容写入localStorage,然后再将其读回来。
当前回答
从emscripten:
function stringToUTF8Array(str, outU8Array, outIdx, maxBytesToWrite) {
if (!(maxBytesToWrite > 0)) return 0;
var startIdx = outIdx;
var endIdx = outIdx + maxBytesToWrite - 1;
for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) {
var u = str.charCodeAt(i);
if (u >= 55296 && u <= 57343) {
var u1 = str.charCodeAt(++i);
u = 65536 + ((u & 1023) << 10) | u1 & 1023
}
if (u <= 127) {
if (outIdx >= endIdx) break;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = u
} else if (u <= 2047) {
if (outIdx + 1 >= endIdx) break;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 192 | u >> 6;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u & 63
} else if (u <= 65535) {
if (outIdx + 2 >= endIdx) break;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 224 | u >> 12;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u >> 6 & 63;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u & 63
} else {
if (outIdx + 3 >= endIdx) break;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 240 | u >> 18;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u >> 12 & 63;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u >> 6 & 63;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u & 63
}
}
outU8Array[outIdx] = 0;
return outIdx - startIdx
}
使用:
stringToUTF8Array('abs', new Uint8Array(3), 0, 4);
其他回答
var decoder = new TextDecoder ();
var string = decoder.decode (arrayBuffer);
参见https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/TextDecoder/decode
我不建议使用已弃用的api,如BlobBuilder
Blob对象早已弃用了BlobBuilder。将Dennis回答中的代码(其中使用了BlobBuilder)与下面的代码进行比较:
function arrayBufferGen(str, cb) {
var b = new Blob([str]);
var f = new FileReader();
f.onload = function(e) {
cb(e.target.result);
}
f.readAsArrayBuffer(b);
}
请注意,与已弃用的方法相比,这是多么干净和不那么臃肿……是的,这绝对是需要考虑的。
从emscripten:
function stringToUTF8Array(str, outU8Array, outIdx, maxBytesToWrite) {
if (!(maxBytesToWrite > 0)) return 0;
var startIdx = outIdx;
var endIdx = outIdx + maxBytesToWrite - 1;
for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) {
var u = str.charCodeAt(i);
if (u >= 55296 && u <= 57343) {
var u1 = str.charCodeAt(++i);
u = 65536 + ((u & 1023) << 10) | u1 & 1023
}
if (u <= 127) {
if (outIdx >= endIdx) break;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = u
} else if (u <= 2047) {
if (outIdx + 1 >= endIdx) break;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 192 | u >> 6;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u & 63
} else if (u <= 65535) {
if (outIdx + 2 >= endIdx) break;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 224 | u >> 12;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u >> 6 & 63;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u & 63
} else {
if (outIdx + 3 >= endIdx) break;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 240 | u >> 18;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u >> 12 & 63;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u >> 6 & 63;
outU8Array[outIdx++] = 128 | u & 63
}
}
outU8Array[outIdx] = 0;
return outIdx - startIdx
}
使用:
stringToUTF8Array('abs', new Uint8Array(3), 0, 4);
尽管Dennis和gengkev使用Blob/FileReader的解决方案有效,但我不建议采用这种方法。这是一种解决简单问题的异步方法,比直接解决方案要慢得多。我在html5rocks上发布了一个更简单(更快)的解决方案: http://updates.html5rocks.com/2012/06/How-to-convert-ArrayBuffer-to-and-from-String
解决方案是:
function ab2str(buf) {
return String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint16Array(buf));
}
function str2ab(str) {
var buf = new ArrayBuffer(str.length*2); // 2 bytes for each char
var bufView = new Uint16Array(buf);
for (var i=0, strLen=str.length; i<strLen; i++) {
bufView[i] = str.charCodeAt(i);
}
return buf;
}
编辑:
Encoding API帮助解决字符串转换问题。请查看Jeff Posnik在Html5Rocks.com上对上述原创文章的回复。
摘录:
Encoding API使原始字节和原生JavaScript字符串之间的转换变得简单,而不考虑需要使用的许多标准编码中的哪一种。
<pre id="results"></pre>
<script>
if ('TextDecoder' in window) {
// The local files to be fetched, mapped to the encoding that they're using.
var filesToEncoding = {
'utf8.bin': 'utf-8',
'utf16le.bin': 'utf-16le',
'macintosh.bin': 'macintosh'
};
Object.keys(filesToEncoding).forEach(function(file) {
fetchAndDecode(file, filesToEncoding[file]);
});
} else {
document.querySelector('#results').textContent = 'Your browser does not support the Encoding API.'
}
// Use XHR to fetch `file` and interpret its contents as being encoded with `encoding`.
function fetchAndDecode(file, encoding) {
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', file);
// Using 'arraybuffer' as the responseType ensures that the raw data is returned,
// rather than letting XMLHttpRequest decode the data first.
xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
xhr.onload = function() {
if (this.status == 200) {
// The decode() method takes a DataView as a parameter, which is a wrapper on top of the ArrayBuffer.
var dataView = new DataView(this.response);
// The TextDecoder interface is documented at http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#interface-textdecoder
var decoder = new TextDecoder(encoding);
var decodedString = decoder.decode(dataView);
// Add the decoded file's text to the <pre> element on the page.
document.querySelector('#results').textContent += decodedString + '\n';
} else {
console.error('Error while requesting', file, this);
}
};
xhr.send();
}
</script>
基于gengkev的回答,我创建了两种方法的函数,因为BlobBuilder可以处理String和ArrayBuffer:
function string2ArrayBuffer(string, callback) {
var bb = new BlobBuilder();
bb.append(string);
var f = new FileReader();
f.onload = function(e) {
callback(e.target.result);
}
f.readAsArrayBuffer(bb.getBlob());
}
and
function arrayBuffer2String(buf, callback) {
var bb = new BlobBuilder();
bb.append(buf);
var f = new FileReader();
f.onload = function(e) {
callback(e.target.result)
}
f.readAsText(bb.getBlob());
}
一个简单的测试:
string2ArrayBuffer("abc",
function (buf) {
var uInt8 = new Uint8Array(buf);
console.log(uInt8); // Returns `Uint8Array { 0=97, 1=98, 2=99}`
arrayBuffer2String(buf,
function (string) {
console.log(string); // returns "abc"
}
)
}
)