今天所教授的软件工程完全专注于面向对象的编程和“自然的”面向对象的世界观。有一个详细的方法，描述了如何将一个领域模型转换成一个类模型，该方法有几个步骤和很多(UML)工件，比如用例图或类图。许多程序员已经内化了这种方法，并且对如何从头开始设计面向对象的应用程序有很好的想法。
新的宣传是函数式编程，在许多书籍和教程中都有介绍。但是功能性软件工程呢? 在阅读关于Lisp和Clojure的文章时，我发现了两个有趣的陈述:
函数式程序通常是自底向上而不是自顶向下开发的(《论Lisp》，Paul Graham) 函数式程序员使用映射，而oop程序员使用对象/类(《Clojure for Java Programmers》，Rich Hickley谈话)。
那么，在Lisp或Clojure中，系统地(基于模型的)设计功能应用程序的方法是什么呢?常见的步骤是什么，我使用什么构件，我如何将它们从问题空间映射到解决方案空间?
当前回答
有一种“程序计算”/“通过计算设计”的风格与Richard Bird教授和牛津大学(英国)的代数编程组有关，我不认为将其视为一种方法论太牵强。
就我个人而言，虽然我喜欢AoP小组的工作，但我自己没有以这种方式实践设计的规程。但这是我的缺点，不是程序计算的缺点之一。
其他回答
对于Clojure，我建议回到良好的旧式关系建模。《走出塔皮》是一本励志读物。
一种方法是在所选择的函数式编程语言中创建内部DSL。“模型”是用DSL表示的一组业务规则。
我最近发现了这本书: 功能和反应域建模
我认为这完全符合你的问题。
从书的描述:
Functional and Reactive Domain Modeling teaches you how to think of the domain model in terms of pure functions and how to compose them to build larger abstractions. You will start with the basics of functional programming and gradually progress to the advanced concepts and patterns that you need to know to implement complex domain models. The book demonstrates how advanced FP patterns like algebraic data types, typeclass based design, and isolation of side-effects can make your model compose for readability and verifiability.
虽然这可能被认为是天真和简单的，但我认为“设计食谱”(一种应用于编程的系统解决问题的方法，如Felleisen等人在他们的书HtDP中所提倡的)将接近你所寻找的东西。
这里有一些链接:
http://www.northeastern.edu/magazine/0301/programming.html
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.86.8371
就我个人而言，我发现来自OO开发的所有常见的良好实践也适用于函数式编程——只是在考虑函数式世界观时做了一些小调整。从方法论的角度来看，您实际上不需要做任何根本不同的事情。
我的经验来自于最近几年从Java转移到Clojure。
一些例子:
Understand your business domain / data model - equally important whether you are going to design an object model or create a functional data structure with nested maps. In some ways, FP can be easier because it encourages you to think about data model separately from functions / processes but you still have to do both. Service orientation in design - actually works very well from a FP perspective, since a typical service is really just a function with some side effects. I think that the "bottom up" view of software development sometimes espoused in the Lisp world is actually just good service-oriented API design principles in another guise. Test Driven Development - works well in FP languages, in fact sometimes even better because pure functions lend themselves extremely well to writing clear, repeatable tests without any need for setting up a stateful environment. You might also want to build separate tests to check data integrity (e.g. does this map have all the keys in it that I expect, to balance the fact that in an OO language the class definition would enforce this for you at compile time). Prototying / iteration - works just as well with FP. You might even be able to prototype live with users if you get very extremely good at building tools / DSL and using them at the REPL.
